emul/compact/src/main/java/java/util/ServiceLoader.java
branchjdk7-b147
changeset 557 5be31d9fa455
child 565 4d76e93fd886
     1.1 --- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
     1.2 +++ b/emul/compact/src/main/java/java/util/ServiceLoader.java	Wed Jan 23 22:32:27 2013 +0100
     1.3 @@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
     1.4 +/*
     1.5 + * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
     1.6 + * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
     1.7 + *
     1.8 + * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
     1.9 + * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
    1.10 + * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
    1.11 + * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
    1.12 + * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
    1.13 + *
    1.14 + * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
    1.15 + * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
    1.16 + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
    1.17 + * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
    1.18 + * accompanied this code).
    1.19 + *
    1.20 + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
    1.21 + * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
    1.22 + * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
    1.23 + *
    1.24 + * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
    1.25 + * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
    1.26 + * questions.
    1.27 + */
    1.28 +
    1.29 +package java.util;
    1.30 +
    1.31 +import java.io.BufferedReader;
    1.32 +import java.io.IOException;
    1.33 +import java.io.InputStream;
    1.34 +import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    1.35 +import java.net.URL;
    1.36 +import java.util.ArrayList;
    1.37 +import java.util.Enumeration;
    1.38 +import java.util.Iterator;
    1.39 +import java.util.List;
    1.40 +import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
    1.41 +
    1.42 +
    1.43 +/**
    1.44 + * A simple service-provider loading facility.
    1.45 + *
    1.46 + * <p> A <i>service</i> is a well-known set of interfaces and (usually
    1.47 + * abstract) classes.  A <i>service provider</i> is a specific implementation
    1.48 + * of a service.  The classes in a provider typically implement the interfaces
    1.49 + * and subclass the classes defined in the service itself.  Service providers
    1.50 + * can be installed in an implementation of the Java platform in the form of
    1.51 + * extensions, that is, jar files placed into any of the usual extension
    1.52 + * directories.  Providers can also be made available by adding them to the
    1.53 + * application's class path or by some other platform-specific means.
    1.54 + *
    1.55 + * <p> For the purpose of loading, a service is represented by a single type,
    1.56 + * that is, a single interface or abstract class.  (A concrete class can be
    1.57 + * used, but this is not recommended.)  A provider of a given service contains
    1.58 + * one or more concrete classes that extend this <i>service type</i> with data
    1.59 + * and code specific to the provider.  The <i>provider class</i> is typically
    1.60 + * not the entire provider itself but rather a proxy which contains enough
    1.61 + * information to decide whether the provider is able to satisfy a particular
    1.62 + * request together with code that can create the actual provider on demand.
    1.63 + * The details of provider classes tend to be highly service-specific; no
    1.64 + * single class or interface could possibly unify them, so no such type is
    1.65 + * defined here.  The only requirement enforced by this facility is that
    1.66 + * provider classes must have a zero-argument constructor so that they can be
    1.67 + * instantiated during loading.
    1.68 + *
    1.69 + * <p><a name="format"> A service provider is identified by placing a
    1.70 + * <i>provider-configuration file</i> in the resource directory
    1.71 + * <tt>META-INF/services</tt>.  The file's name is the fully-qualified <a
    1.72 + * href="../lang/ClassLoader.html#name">binary name</a> of the service's type.
    1.73 + * The file contains a list of fully-qualified binary names of concrete
    1.74 + * provider classes, one per line.  Space and tab characters surrounding each
    1.75 + * name, as well as blank lines, are ignored.  The comment character is
    1.76 + * <tt>'#'</tt> (<tt>'&#92;u0023'</tt>, <font size="-1">NUMBER SIGN</font>); on
    1.77 + * each line all characters following the first comment character are ignored.
    1.78 + * The file must be encoded in UTF-8.
    1.79 + *
    1.80 + * <p> If a particular concrete provider class is named in more than one
    1.81 + * configuration file, or is named in the same configuration file more than
    1.82 + * once, then the duplicates are ignored.  The configuration file naming a
    1.83 + * particular provider need not be in the same jar file or other distribution
    1.84 + * unit as the provider itself.  The provider must be accessible from the same
    1.85 + * class loader that was initially queried to locate the configuration file;
    1.86 + * note that this is not necessarily the class loader from which the file was
    1.87 + * actually loaded.
    1.88 + *
    1.89 + * <p> Providers are located and instantiated lazily, that is, on demand.  A
    1.90 + * service loader maintains a cache of the providers that have been loaded so
    1.91 + * far.  Each invocation of the {@link #iterator iterator} method returns an
    1.92 + * iterator that first yields all of the elements of the cache, in
    1.93 + * instantiation order, and then lazily locates and instantiates any remaining
    1.94 + * providers, adding each one to the cache in turn.  The cache can be cleared
    1.95 + * via the {@link #reload reload} method.
    1.96 + *
    1.97 + * <p> Service loaders always execute in the security context of the caller.
    1.98 + * Trusted system code should typically invoke the methods in this class, and
    1.99 + * the methods of the iterators which they return, from within a privileged
   1.100 + * security context.
   1.101 + *
   1.102 + * <p> Instances of this class are not safe for use by multiple concurrent
   1.103 + * threads.
   1.104 + *
   1.105 + * <p> Unless otherwise specified, passing a <tt>null</tt> argument to any
   1.106 + * method in this class will cause a {@link NullPointerException} to be thrown.
   1.107 + *
   1.108 + *
   1.109 + * <p><span style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 1em">Example</span>
   1.110 + * Suppose we have a service type <tt>com.example.CodecSet</tt> which is
   1.111 + * intended to represent sets of encoder/decoder pairs for some protocol.  In
   1.112 + * this case it is an abstract class with two abstract methods:
   1.113 + *
   1.114 + * <blockquote><pre>
   1.115 + * public abstract Encoder getEncoder(String encodingName);
   1.116 + * public abstract Decoder getDecoder(String encodingName);</pre></blockquote>
   1.117 + *
   1.118 + * Each method returns an appropriate object or <tt>null</tt> if the provider
   1.119 + * does not support the given encoding.  Typical providers support more than
   1.120 + * one encoding.
   1.121 + *
   1.122 + * <p> If <tt>com.example.impl.StandardCodecs</tt> is an implementation of the
   1.123 + * <tt>CodecSet</tt> service then its jar file also contains a file named
   1.124 + *
   1.125 + * <blockquote><pre>
   1.126 + * META-INF/services/com.example.CodecSet</pre></blockquote>
   1.127 + *
   1.128 + * <p> This file contains the single line:
   1.129 + *
   1.130 + * <blockquote><pre>
   1.131 + * com.example.impl.StandardCodecs    # Standard codecs</pre></blockquote>
   1.132 + *
   1.133 + * <p> The <tt>CodecSet</tt> class creates and saves a single service instance
   1.134 + * at initialization:
   1.135 + *
   1.136 + * <blockquote><pre>
   1.137 + * private static ServiceLoader&lt;CodecSet&gt; codecSetLoader
   1.138 + *     = ServiceLoader.load(CodecSet.class);</pre></blockquote>
   1.139 + *
   1.140 + * <p> To locate an encoder for a given encoding name it defines a static
   1.141 + * factory method which iterates through the known and available providers,
   1.142 + * returning only when it has located a suitable encoder or has run out of
   1.143 + * providers.
   1.144 + *
   1.145 + * <blockquote><pre>
   1.146 + * public static Encoder getEncoder(String encodingName) {
   1.147 + *     for (CodecSet cp : codecSetLoader) {
   1.148 + *         Encoder enc = cp.getEncoder(encodingName);
   1.149 + *         if (enc != null)
   1.150 + *             return enc;
   1.151 + *     }
   1.152 + *     return null;
   1.153 + * }</pre></blockquote>
   1.154 + *
   1.155 + * <p> A <tt>getDecoder</tt> method is defined similarly.
   1.156 + *
   1.157 + *
   1.158 + * <p><span style="font-weight: bold; padding-right: 1em">Usage Note</span> If
   1.159 + * the class path of a class loader that is used for provider loading includes
   1.160 + * remote network URLs then those URLs will be dereferenced in the process of
   1.161 + * searching for provider-configuration files.
   1.162 + *
   1.163 + * <p> This activity is normal, although it may cause puzzling entries to be
   1.164 + * created in web-server logs.  If a web server is not configured correctly,
   1.165 + * however, then this activity may cause the provider-loading algorithm to fail
   1.166 + * spuriously.
   1.167 + *
   1.168 + * <p> A web server should return an HTTP 404 (Not Found) response when a
   1.169 + * requested resource does not exist.  Sometimes, however, web servers are
   1.170 + * erroneously configured to return an HTTP 200 (OK) response along with a
   1.171 + * helpful HTML error page in such cases.  This will cause a {@link
   1.172 + * ServiceConfigurationError} to be thrown when this class attempts to parse
   1.173 + * the HTML page as a provider-configuration file.  The best solution to this
   1.174 + * problem is to fix the misconfigured web server to return the correct
   1.175 + * response code (HTTP 404) along with the HTML error page.
   1.176 + *
   1.177 + * @param  <S>
   1.178 + *         The type of the service to be loaded by this loader
   1.179 + *
   1.180 + * @author Mark Reinhold
   1.181 + * @since 1.6
   1.182 + */
   1.183 +
   1.184 +public final class ServiceLoader<S>
   1.185 +    implements Iterable<S>
   1.186 +{
   1.187 +
   1.188 +    private static final String PREFIX = "META-INF/services/";
   1.189 +
   1.190 +    // The class or interface representing the service being loaded
   1.191 +    private Class<S> service;
   1.192 +
   1.193 +    // The class loader used to locate, load, and instantiate providers
   1.194 +    private ClassLoader loader;
   1.195 +
   1.196 +    // Cached providers, in instantiation order
   1.197 +    private LinkedHashMap<String,S> providers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
   1.198 +
   1.199 +    // The current lazy-lookup iterator
   1.200 +    private LazyIterator lookupIterator;
   1.201 +
   1.202 +    /**
   1.203 +     * Clear this loader's provider cache so that all providers will be
   1.204 +     * reloaded.
   1.205 +     *
   1.206 +     * <p> After invoking this method, subsequent invocations of the {@link
   1.207 +     * #iterator() iterator} method will lazily look up and instantiate
   1.208 +     * providers from scratch, just as is done by a newly-created loader.
   1.209 +     *
   1.210 +     * <p> This method is intended for use in situations in which new providers
   1.211 +     * can be installed into a running Java virtual machine.
   1.212 +     */
   1.213 +    public void reload() {
   1.214 +        providers.clear();
   1.215 +        lookupIterator = new LazyIterator(service, loader);
   1.216 +    }
   1.217 +
   1.218 +    private ServiceLoader(Class<S> svc, ClassLoader cl) {
   1.219 +        service = svc;
   1.220 +        loader = cl;
   1.221 +        reload();
   1.222 +    }
   1.223 +
   1.224 +    private static void fail(Class service, String msg, Throwable cause)
   1.225 +        throws ServiceConfigurationError
   1.226 +    {
   1.227 +        throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg,
   1.228 +                                            cause);
   1.229 +    }
   1.230 +
   1.231 +    private static void fail(Class service, String msg)
   1.232 +        throws ServiceConfigurationError
   1.233 +    {
   1.234 +        throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg);
   1.235 +    }
   1.236 +
   1.237 +    private static void fail(Class service, URL u, int line, String msg)
   1.238 +        throws ServiceConfigurationError
   1.239 +    {
   1.240 +        fail(service, u + ":" + line + ": " + msg);
   1.241 +    }
   1.242 +
   1.243 +    // Parse a single line from the given configuration file, adding the name
   1.244 +    // on the line to the names list.
   1.245 +    //
   1.246 +    private int parseLine(Class service, URL u, BufferedReader r, int lc,
   1.247 +                          List<String> names)
   1.248 +        throws IOException, ServiceConfigurationError
   1.249 +    {
   1.250 +        String ln = r.readLine();
   1.251 +        if (ln == null) {
   1.252 +            return -1;
   1.253 +        }
   1.254 +        int ci = ln.indexOf('#');
   1.255 +        if (ci >= 0) ln = ln.substring(0, ci);
   1.256 +        ln = ln.trim();
   1.257 +        int n = ln.length();
   1.258 +        if (n != 0) {
   1.259 +            if ((ln.indexOf(' ') >= 0) || (ln.indexOf('\t') >= 0))
   1.260 +                fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal configuration-file syntax");
   1.261 +            int cp = ln.codePointAt(0);
   1.262 +            if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(cp))
   1.263 +                fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
   1.264 +            for (int i = Character.charCount(cp); i < n; i += Character.charCount(cp)) {
   1.265 +                cp = ln.codePointAt(i);
   1.266 +                if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(cp) && (cp != '.'))
   1.267 +                    fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
   1.268 +            }
   1.269 +            if (!providers.containsKey(ln) && !names.contains(ln))
   1.270 +                names.add(ln);
   1.271 +        }
   1.272 +        return lc + 1;
   1.273 +    }
   1.274 +
   1.275 +    // Parse the content of the given URL as a provider-configuration file.
   1.276 +    //
   1.277 +    // @param  service
   1.278 +    //         The service type for which providers are being sought;
   1.279 +    //         used to construct error detail strings
   1.280 +    //
   1.281 +    // @param  u
   1.282 +    //         The URL naming the configuration file to be parsed
   1.283 +    //
   1.284 +    // @return A (possibly empty) iterator that will yield the provider-class
   1.285 +    //         names in the given configuration file that are not yet members
   1.286 +    //         of the returned set
   1.287 +    //
   1.288 +    // @throws ServiceConfigurationError
   1.289 +    //         If an I/O error occurs while reading from the given URL, or
   1.290 +    //         if a configuration-file format error is detected
   1.291 +    //
   1.292 +    private Iterator<String> parse(Class service, URL u)
   1.293 +        throws ServiceConfigurationError
   1.294 +    {
   1.295 +        InputStream in = null;
   1.296 +        BufferedReader r = null;
   1.297 +        ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
   1.298 +        try {
   1.299 +            in = u.openStream();
   1.300 +            r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
   1.301 +            int lc = 1;
   1.302 +            while ((lc = parseLine(service, u, r, lc, names)) >= 0);
   1.303 +        } catch (IOException x) {
   1.304 +            fail(service, "Error reading configuration file", x);
   1.305 +        } finally {
   1.306 +            try {
   1.307 +                if (r != null) r.close();
   1.308 +                if (in != null) in.close();
   1.309 +            } catch (IOException y) {
   1.310 +                fail(service, "Error closing configuration file", y);
   1.311 +            }
   1.312 +        }
   1.313 +        return names.iterator();
   1.314 +    }
   1.315 +
   1.316 +    // Private inner class implementing fully-lazy provider lookup
   1.317 +    //
   1.318 +    private class LazyIterator
   1.319 +        implements Iterator<S>
   1.320 +    {
   1.321 +
   1.322 +        Class<S> service;
   1.323 +        ClassLoader loader;
   1.324 +        Enumeration<URL> configs = null;
   1.325 +        Iterator<String> pending = null;
   1.326 +        String nextName = null;
   1.327 +
   1.328 +        private LazyIterator(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader) {
   1.329 +            this.service = service;
   1.330 +            this.loader = loader;
   1.331 +        }
   1.332 +
   1.333 +        public boolean hasNext() {
   1.334 +            if (nextName != null) {
   1.335 +                return true;
   1.336 +            }
   1.337 +            if (configs == null) {
   1.338 +                try {
   1.339 +                    String fullName = PREFIX + service.getName();
   1.340 +                    if (loader == null)
   1.341 +                        configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
   1.342 +                    else
   1.343 +                        configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
   1.344 +                } catch (IOException x) {
   1.345 +                    fail(service, "Error locating configuration files", x);
   1.346 +                }
   1.347 +            }
   1.348 +            while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
   1.349 +                if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
   1.350 +                    return false;
   1.351 +                }
   1.352 +                pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement());
   1.353 +            }
   1.354 +            nextName = pending.next();
   1.355 +            return true;
   1.356 +        }
   1.357 +
   1.358 +        public S next() {
   1.359 +            if (!hasNext()) {
   1.360 +                throw new NoSuchElementException();
   1.361 +            }
   1.362 +            String cn = nextName;
   1.363 +            nextName = null;
   1.364 +            try {
   1.365 +                S p = service.cast(Class.forName(cn, true, loader)
   1.366 +                                   .newInstance());
   1.367 +                providers.put(cn, p);
   1.368 +                return p;
   1.369 +            } catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
   1.370 +                fail(service,
   1.371 +                     "Provider " + cn + " not found");
   1.372 +            } catch (Throwable x) {
   1.373 +                fail(service,
   1.374 +                     "Provider " + cn + " could not be instantiated: " + x,
   1.375 +                     x);
   1.376 +            }
   1.377 +            throw new Error();          // This cannot happen
   1.378 +        }
   1.379 +
   1.380 +        public void remove() {
   1.381 +            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
   1.382 +        }
   1.383 +
   1.384 +    }
   1.385 +
   1.386 +    /**
   1.387 +     * Lazily loads the available providers of this loader's service.
   1.388 +     *
   1.389 +     * <p> The iterator returned by this method first yields all of the
   1.390 +     * elements of the provider cache, in instantiation order.  It then lazily
   1.391 +     * loads and instantiates any remaining providers, adding each one to the
   1.392 +     * cache in turn.
   1.393 +     *
   1.394 +     * <p> To achieve laziness the actual work of parsing the available
   1.395 +     * provider-configuration files and instantiating providers must be done by
   1.396 +     * the iterator itself.  Its {@link java.util.Iterator#hasNext hasNext} and
   1.397 +     * {@link java.util.Iterator#next next} methods can therefore throw a
   1.398 +     * {@link ServiceConfigurationError} if a provider-configuration file
   1.399 +     * violates the specified format, or if it names a provider class that
   1.400 +     * cannot be found and instantiated, or if the result of instantiating the
   1.401 +     * class is not assignable to the service type, or if any other kind of
   1.402 +     * exception or error is thrown as the next provider is located and
   1.403 +     * instantiated.  To write robust code it is only necessary to catch {@link
   1.404 +     * ServiceConfigurationError} when using a service iterator.
   1.405 +     *
   1.406 +     * <p> If such an error is thrown then subsequent invocations of the
   1.407 +     * iterator will make a best effort to locate and instantiate the next
   1.408 +     * available provider, but in general such recovery cannot be guaranteed.
   1.409 +     *
   1.410 +     * <blockquote style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 1.2"><span
   1.411 +     * style="padding-right: 1em; font-weight: bold">Design Note</span>
   1.412 +     * Throwing an error in these cases may seem extreme.  The rationale for
   1.413 +     * this behavior is that a malformed provider-configuration file, like a
   1.414 +     * malformed class file, indicates a serious problem with the way the Java
   1.415 +     * virtual machine is configured or is being used.  As such it is
   1.416 +     * preferable to throw an error rather than try to recover or, even worse,
   1.417 +     * fail silently.</blockquote>
   1.418 +     *
   1.419 +     * <p> The iterator returned by this method does not support removal.
   1.420 +     * Invoking its {@link java.util.Iterator#remove() remove} method will
   1.421 +     * cause an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} to be thrown.
   1.422 +     *
   1.423 +     * @return  An iterator that lazily loads providers for this loader's
   1.424 +     *          service
   1.425 +     */
   1.426 +    public Iterator<S> iterator() {
   1.427 +        return new Iterator<S>() {
   1.428 +
   1.429 +            Iterator<Map.Entry<String,S>> knownProviders
   1.430 +                = providers.entrySet().iterator();
   1.431 +
   1.432 +            public boolean hasNext() {
   1.433 +                if (knownProviders.hasNext())
   1.434 +                    return true;
   1.435 +                return lookupIterator.hasNext();
   1.436 +            }
   1.437 +
   1.438 +            public S next() {
   1.439 +                if (knownProviders.hasNext())
   1.440 +                    return knownProviders.next().getValue();
   1.441 +                return lookupIterator.next();
   1.442 +            }
   1.443 +
   1.444 +            public void remove() {
   1.445 +                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
   1.446 +            }
   1.447 +
   1.448 +        };
   1.449 +    }
   1.450 +
   1.451 +    /**
   1.452 +     * Creates a new service loader for the given service type and class
   1.453 +     * loader.
   1.454 +     *
   1.455 +     * @param  service
   1.456 +     *         The interface or abstract class representing the service
   1.457 +     *
   1.458 +     * @param  loader
   1.459 +     *         The class loader to be used to load provider-configuration files
   1.460 +     *         and provider classes, or <tt>null</tt> if the system class
   1.461 +     *         loader (or, failing that, the bootstrap class loader) is to be
   1.462 +     *         used
   1.463 +     *
   1.464 +     * @return A new service loader
   1.465 +     */
   1.466 +    public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service,
   1.467 +                                            ClassLoader loader)
   1.468 +    {
   1.469 +        return new ServiceLoader<>(service, loader);
   1.470 +    }
   1.471 +
   1.472 +    /**
   1.473 +     * Creates a new service loader for the given service type, using the
   1.474 +     * current thread's {@linkplain java.lang.Thread#getContextClassLoader
   1.475 +     * context class loader}.
   1.476 +     *
   1.477 +     * <p> An invocation of this convenience method of the form
   1.478 +     *
   1.479 +     * <blockquote><pre>
   1.480 +     * ServiceLoader.load(<i>service</i>)</pre></blockquote>
   1.481 +     *
   1.482 +     * is equivalent to
   1.483 +     *
   1.484 +     * <blockquote><pre>
   1.485 +     * ServiceLoader.load(<i>service</i>,
   1.486 +     *                    Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader())</pre></blockquote>
   1.487 +     *
   1.488 +     * @param  service
   1.489 +     *         The interface or abstract class representing the service
   1.490 +     *
   1.491 +     * @return A new service loader
   1.492 +     */
   1.493 +    public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service) {
   1.494 +        ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
   1.495 +        return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
   1.496 +    }
   1.497 +
   1.498 +    /**
   1.499 +     * Creates a new service loader for the given service type, using the
   1.500 +     * extension class loader.
   1.501 +     *
   1.502 +     * <p> This convenience method simply locates the extension class loader,
   1.503 +     * call it <tt><i>extClassLoader</i></tt>, and then returns
   1.504 +     *
   1.505 +     * <blockquote><pre>
   1.506 +     * ServiceLoader.load(<i>service</i>, <i>extClassLoader</i>)</pre></blockquote>
   1.507 +     *
   1.508 +     * <p> If the extension class loader cannot be found then the system class
   1.509 +     * loader is used; if there is no system class loader then the bootstrap
   1.510 +     * class loader is used.
   1.511 +     *
   1.512 +     * <p> This method is intended for use when only installed providers are
   1.513 +     * desired.  The resulting service will only find and load providers that
   1.514 +     * have been installed into the current Java virtual machine; providers on
   1.515 +     * the application's class path will be ignored.
   1.516 +     *
   1.517 +     * @param  service
   1.518 +     *         The interface or abstract class representing the service
   1.519 +     *
   1.520 +     * @return A new service loader
   1.521 +     */
   1.522 +    public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> loadInstalled(Class<S> service) {
   1.523 +        ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
   1.524 +        ClassLoader prev = null;
   1.525 +        while (cl != null) {
   1.526 +            prev = cl;
   1.527 +            cl = cl.getParent();
   1.528 +        }
   1.529 +        return ServiceLoader.load(service, prev);
   1.530 +    }
   1.531 +
   1.532 +    /**
   1.533 +     * Returns a string describing this service.
   1.534 +     *
   1.535 +     * @return  A descriptive string
   1.536 +     */
   1.537 +    public String toString() {
   1.538 +        return "java.util.ServiceLoader[" + service.getName() + "]";
   1.539 +    }
   1.540 +
   1.541 +}