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29 * The class {@code Exception} and its subclasses are a form of
30 * {@code Throwable} that indicates conditions that a reasonable
31 * application might want to catch.
33 * <p>The class {@code Exception} and any subclasses that are not also
34 * subclasses of {@link RuntimeException} are <em>checked
35 * exceptions</em>. Checked exceptions need to be declared in a
36 * method or constructor's {@code throws} clause if they can be thrown
37 * by the execution of the method or constructor and propagate outside
38 * the method or constructor boundary.
40 * @author Frank Yellin
41 * @see java.lang.Error
42 * @jls 11.2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
45 public class Exception extends Throwable {
46 static final long serialVersionUID = -3387516993124229948L;
49 * Constructs a new exception with {@code null} as its detail message.
50 * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a
51 * call to {@link #initCause}.
58 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message. The
59 * cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by
60 * a call to {@link #initCause}.
62 * @param message the detail message. The detail message is saved for
63 * later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method.
65 public Exception(String message) {
70 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
71 * cause. <p>Note that the detail message associated with
72 * {@code cause} is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in
73 * this exception's detail message.
75 * @param message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
76 * by the {@link #getMessage()} method).
77 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
78 * {@link #getCause()} method). (A <tt>null</tt> value is
79 * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
83 public Exception(String message, Throwable cause) {
84 super(message, cause);
88 * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
89 * message of <tt>(cause==null ? null : cause.toString())</tt> (which
90 * typically contains the class and detail message of <tt>cause</tt>).
91 * This constructor is useful for exceptions that are little more than
92 * wrappers for other throwables (for example, {@link
93 * java.security.PrivilegedActionException}).
95 * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
96 * {@link #getCause()} method). (A <tt>null</tt> value is
97 * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
101 public Exception(Throwable cause) {
106 * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message,
107 * cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable stack
108 * trace enabled or disabled.
110 * @param message the detail message.
111 * @param cause the cause. (A {@code null} value is permitted,
112 * and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
113 * @param enableSuppression whether or not suppression is enabled
115 * @param writableStackTrace whether or not the stack trace should
119 protected Exception(String message, Throwable cause,
120 boolean enableSuppression,
121 boolean writableStackTrace) {
122 super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);