/*

  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  */

 package java.lang;

 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

 import org.apidesign.bck2brwsr.emul.AnnotationImpl;

 import java.io.InputStream;

 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;

 import java.lang.reflect.Field;

 import java.lang.reflect.Method;

 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;

 import org.apidesign.bck2brwsr.core.JavaScriptBody;

 import org.apidesign.bck2brwsr.emul.MethodImpl;

 /**

  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and

  * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of

  * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also

  * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object

  * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number

  * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},

  * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},

  * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and

  * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also

  * represented as {@code Class} objects.

  *

  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}

  * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes

  * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class

  * loader.

  *

  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the

  * class name of an object:

  *

  * <p> <blockquote><pre>

  *     void printClassName(Object obj) {

  *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +

  *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());

  *     }

  * </pre></blockquote>

  *

  * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named

  * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of

  * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.

  * For example:

  *

  * <p> <blockquote>

  *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}

  * </blockquote>

  *

  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}

  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code

  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is

  * unknown.

  *

  * @author  unascribed

  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)

  * @since   JDK1.0

  */

 public final

     class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,

                               java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration,

                               java.lang.reflect.Type,

                               java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement {

     private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;

     private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;

     private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;

     /*

      * Constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class

      * objects.

      */

     private Class() {}

     /**

      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the

      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the

      * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by

      * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a

      * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If

      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns

      * "void".

      *

      * @return a string representation of this class object.

      */

     public String toString() {

         return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))

             + getName();

     }

     /**

      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or

      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is

      * equivalent to:

      *

      * <blockquote>

      *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}

      * </blockquote>

      *

      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of

      * the current class.

      *

      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the

      * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named

      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:

      *

      * <blockquote>

      *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}

      * </blockquote>

      * <p>

      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named

      * {@code X} to be initialized.

      *

      * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.

      * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the

      *             specified name.

      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails

      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked

      *            by this method fails

      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located

      */

     public static Class<?> forName(String className)

     throws ClassNotFoundException {

         if (className.startsWith("[")) {

             Class<?> arrType = defineArray(className);

             Class<?> c = arrType;

             while (c != null && c.isArray()) {

                 c = c.getComponentType0(); // verify component type is sane

             }

             return arrType;

         }

         Class<?> c = loadCls(className, className.replace('.', '_'));

         if (c == null) {

             throw new ClassNotFoundException(className);

         }

         return c;

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = {"n", "c" }, body =

         "if (vm[c]) return vm[c].$class;\n"

       + "if (vm.loadClass) {\n"

       + "  vm.loadClass(n);\n"

       + "  if (vm[c]) return vm[c].$class;\n"

       + "}\n"

       + "return null;"

     )

     private static native Class<?> loadCls(String n, String c);

     /**

      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}

      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}

      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it

      * has not already been initialized.

      *

      * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the

      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of

      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception

      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.

      * The {@link

      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)

      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping

      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link

      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.

      *

      * @return     a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this

      *             object.

      * @exception  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary

      *               constructor is not accessible.

      * @exception  InstantiationException

      *               if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,

      *               an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;

      *               or if the class has no nullary constructor;

      *               or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.

      * @exception  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization

      *               provoked by this method fails.

      * @exception  SecurityException

      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the

      *             following conditions is met:

      *

      *             <ul>

      *

      *             <li> invocation of

      *             {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess

      *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies

      *             creation of new instances of this class

      *

      *             <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an

      *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and

      *             invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess

      *             s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package

      *             of this class

      *

      *             </ul>

      *

      */

     @JavaScriptBody(args = { "self", "illegal" }, body =

           "\nvar c = self.cnstr;"

         + "\nif (c['cons__V']) {"

         + "\n  if ((c.cons__V.access & 0x1) != 0) {"

         + "\n    var inst = c();"

         + "\n    c.cons__V.call(inst);"

         + "\n    return inst;"

         + "\n  }"

         + "\n  return illegal;"

         + "\n}"

         + "\nreturn null;"

     )

     private static native Object newInstance0(Class<?> self, Object illegal);

     public T newInstance()

         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException

     {

         Object illegal = new Object();

         Object inst = newInstance0(this, illegal);

         if (inst == null) {

             throw new InstantiationException(getName());

         }

         if (inst == illegal) {

             throw new IllegalAccessException();

         }

         return (T)inst;

     }

     /**

      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible

      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is

      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}

      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified

      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the

      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without

      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}

      * otherwise.

      *

      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a

      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified

      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or

      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If

      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method

      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument

      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity

      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns

      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object

      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the

      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument

      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If

      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method

      * returns {@code false}.

      *

      * @param   obj the object to check

      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class

      *

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public boolean isInstance(Object obj) {

         if (isArray()) {

             return isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass());

         }

         String prop = "$instOf_" + getName().replace('.', '_');

         return hasProperty(obj, prop);

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = { "who", "prop" }, body = 

         "if (who[prop]) return true; else return false;"

     )

     private static native boolean hasProperty(Object who, String prop);

     /**

      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this

      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or

      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified

      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;

      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}

      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns

      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is

      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns

      * {@code false}.

      *

      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the

      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type

      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion

      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language

      * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.

      *

      * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked

      * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the

      * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class

      * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is

      *            null.

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls) {

         if (this == cls) {

             return true;

         }

         if (isArray()) {

             final Class<?> cmpType = cls.getComponentType();

             if (isPrimitive()) {

                 return this == cmpType;

             }

             return cmpType != null && getComponentType().isAssignableFrom(cmpType);

         }

         String prop = "$instOf_" + getName().replace('.', '_');

         return hasProperty(cls, prop);

     }

     /**

      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an

      * interface type.

      *

      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;

      *          {@code false} otherwise.

      */

     public boolean isInterface() {

         return (getAccess() & 0x200) != 0;

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = {}, body = "return this.access;")

     private native int getAccess();

     /**

      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.

      *

      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;

      *          {@code false} otherwise.

      * @since   JDK1.1

      */

     public boolean isArray() {

         return hasProperty(this, "array"); // NOI18N

     }

     /**

      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a

      * primitive type.

      *

      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent

      * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java

      * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that

      * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},

      * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},

      * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.

      *

      * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static

      * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which

      * this method returns {@code true}.

      *

      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type

      *

      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE

      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     @JavaScriptBody(args = {}, body = 

            "if (this.primitive) return true;"

         + "else return false;"

     )

     public native boolean isPrimitive();

     /**

      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation

      * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}

      * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.

      *

      * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation

      *      type; {@code false} otherwise

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public boolean isAnnotation() {

         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;

     }

     /**

      * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;

      * returns {@code false} otherwise.

      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as

      *         defined by the Java Language Specification.

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public boolean isSynthetic() {

         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;

     }

     /**

      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,

      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,

      * as a {@code String}.

      *

      * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an

      * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified

      * by

      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.

      *

      * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the

      * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language

      * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.

      *

      * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal

      * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by

      * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array

      * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:

      *

      * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">

      * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding

      * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> Z

      * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> B

      * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> C

      * <tr><td> class or interface

      *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;

      * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> D

      * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> F

      * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> I

      * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> J

      * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> S

      * </table></blockquote>

      *

      * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of

      * the class specified above.

      *

      * <p> Examples:

      * <blockquote><pre>

      * String.class.getName()

      *     returns "java.lang.String"

      * byte.class.getName()

      *     returns "byte"

      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()

      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"

      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()

      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"

      * </pre></blockquote>

      *

      * @return  the name of the class or interface

      *          represented by this object.

      */

     public String getName() {

         return jvmName().replace('/', '.');

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = {}, body = "return this.jvmName;")

     private native String jvmName();

     /**

      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the

      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this

      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an

      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type

      * variables.

      *

      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent

      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration

      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic

      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to

      *     the format specified in

      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {

         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

     }

     /**

      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the superclass of the entity

      * (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this

      * {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the

      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then

      * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the

      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is

      * returned.

      *

      * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object.

      */

     @JavaScriptBody(args = {}, body = "return this.superclass;")

     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();

     /**

      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded

      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's

      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},

      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},

      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded

      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.

      *

      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its

      * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}

      * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this

      * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its

      * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its

      * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always

      * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a

      * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always

      * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always

      * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined

      * by this specification.

      *

      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine

      * Specification</em>, table 4.1.

      *

      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class

      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public native int getModifiers();

     /**

      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the

      * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is

      * anonymous.

      *

      * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the

      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple

      * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".

      *

      * @return the simple name of the underlying class

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public String getSimpleName() {

         if (isArray())

             return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";

         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();

         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class

             simpleName = getName();

             return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf(".")+1); // strip the package name

         }

         // According to JLS3 "Binary Compatibility" (13.1) the binary

         // name of non-package classes (not top level) is the binary

         // name of the immediately enclosing class followed by a '$' followed by:

         // (for nested and inner classes): the simple name.

         // (for local classes): 1 or more digits followed by the simple name.

         // (for anonymous classes): 1 or more digits.

         // Since getSimpleBinaryName() will strip the binary name of

         // the immediatly enclosing class, we are now looking at a

         // string that matches the regular expression "\$[0-9]*"

         // followed by a simple name (considering the simple of an

         // anonymous class to be the empty string).

         // Remove leading "\$[0-9]*" from the name

         int length = simpleName.length();

         if (length < 1 || simpleName.charAt(0) != '$')

             throw new IllegalStateException("Malformed class name");

         int index = 1;

         while (index < length && isAsciiDigit(simpleName.charAt(index)))

             index++;

         // Eventually, this is the empty string iff this is an anonymous class

         return simpleName.substring(index);

     }

     /**

      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,

      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.

      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level

      * class.

      */

     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {

         Class<?> enclosingClass = null; // XXX getEnclosingClass();

         if (enclosingClass == null) // top level class

             return null;

         // Otherwise, strip the enclosing class' name

         try {

             return getName().substring(enclosingClass.getName().length());

         } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {

             throw new IllegalStateException("Malformed class name");

         }

     }

     /**

      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all

      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by

      * this {@code Class} object.  The elements in the array returned are

      * not sorted and are not in any particular order.  This method returns an

      * array of length 0 if the class or interface has no accessible public

      * fields, or if it represents an array class, a primitive type, or void.

      *

      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a class,

      * this method returns the public fields of this class and of all its

      * superclasses.  If this {@code Class} object represents an

      * interface, this method returns the fields of this interface and of all

      * its superinterfaces.

      *

      * <p> The implicit length field for array class is not reflected by this

      * method. User code should use the methods of class {@code Array} to

      * manipulate arrays.

      *

      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.

      *

      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the

      * public fields

      * @exception  SecurityException

      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the

      *             following conditions is met:

      *

      *             <ul>

      *

      *             <li> invocation of

      *             {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess

      *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies

      *             access to the fields within this class

      *

      *             <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an

      *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and

      *             invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess

      *             s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package

      *             of this class

      *

      *             </ul>

      *

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {

         throw new SecurityException();

     }

     /**

      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all

      * the public <em>member</em> methods of the class or interface represented

      * by this {@code Class} object, including those declared by the class

      * or interface and those inherited from superclasses and

      * superinterfaces.  Array classes return all the (public) member methods

      * inherited from the {@code Object} class.  The elements in the array

      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  This

      * method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object

      * represents a class or interface that has no public member methods, or if

      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void.

      *

      * <p> The class initialization method {@code <clinit>} is not

      * included in the returned array. If the class declares multiple public

      * member methods with the same parameter types, they are all included in

      * the returned array.

      *

      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.4.

      *

      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the

      * public methods of this class

      * @exception  SecurityException

      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the

      *             following conditions is met:

      *

      *             <ul>

      *

      *             <li> invocation of

      *             {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess

      *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies

      *             access to the methods within this class

      *

      *             <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an

      *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and

      *             invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess

      *             s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package

      *             of this class

      *

      *             </ul>

      *

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {

         return MethodImpl.findMethods(this, 0x01);

     }

     /**

      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public

      * member field of the class or interface represented by this

      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a

      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired field.

      *

      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that

      * follows.  Let C be the class represented by this object:

      * <OL>

      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the

      *      field to be reflected.</LI>

      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied

      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct

      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>

      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a

      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.

      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}

      *      is thrown.</LI>

      * </OL>

      *

      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.

      *

      * @param name the field name

      * @return  the {@code Field} object of this class specified by

      * {@code name}

      * @exception NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is

      *              not found.

      * @exception NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}

      * @exception  SecurityException

      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the

      *             following conditions is met:

      *

      *             <ul>

      *

      *             <li> invocation of

      *             {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess

      *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies

      *             access to the field

      *

      *             <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an

      *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and

      *             invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess

      *             s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package

      *             of this class

      *

      *             </ul>

      *

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public Field getField(String name)

         throws SecurityException {

         throw new SecurityException();

     }

     /**

      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public

      * member method of the class or interface represented by this

      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a

      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The

      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}

      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared

      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is

      * treated as if it were an empty array.

      *

      * <p> If the {@code name} is "{@code <init>};"or "{@code <clinit>}" a

      * {@code NoSuchMethodException} is raised. Otherwise, the method to

      * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows.  Let C be the

      * class represented by this object:

      * <OL>

      * <LI> C is searched for any <I>matching methods</I>. If no matching

      *      method is found, the algorithm of step 1 is invoked recursively on

      *      the superclass of C.</LI>

      * <LI> If no method was found in step 1 above, the superinterfaces of C

      *      are searched for a matching method. If any such method is found, it

      *      is reflected.</LI>

      * </OL>

      *

      * To find a matching method in a class C:  If C declares exactly one

      * public method with the specified name and exactly the same formal

      * parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more than one such

      * method is found in C, and one of these methods has a return type that is

      * more specific than any of the others, that method is reflected;

      * otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.

      *

      * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a

      * class because while the Java language forbids a class to

      * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different

      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This

      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to

      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant

      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain

      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge

      * method and the method being overridden would have the same

      * signature but different return types.

      *

      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.4.

      *

      * @param name the name of the method

      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters

      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified

      * {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}

      * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found

      *            or if the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>".

      * @exception NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}

      * @exception  SecurityException

      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the

      *             following conditions is met:

      *

      *             <ul>

      *

      *             <li> invocation of

      *             {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess

      *             s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies

      *             access to the method

      *

      *             <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an

      *             ancestor of the class loader for the current class and

      *             invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess

      *             s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package

      *             of this class

      *

      *             </ul>

      *

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)

         throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {

         Method m = MethodImpl.findMethod(this, name, parameterTypes);

         if (m == null) {

             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

             sb.append(getName()).append('.').append(name).append('(');

             String sep = "";

             for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {

                 sb.append(sep).append(parameterTypes[i].getName());

                 sep = ", ";

             }

             sb.append(')');

             throw new NoSuchMethodException(sb.toString());

         }

         return m;

     }

     /**

      * Character.isDigit answers {@code true} to some non-ascii

      * digits.  This one does not.

      */

     private static boolean isAsciiDigit(char c) {

         return '0' <= c && c <= '9';

     }

     /**

      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as

      * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if

      * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if

      * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component

      * type does not have a canonical name).

      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and

      * {@code null} otherwise.

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public String getCanonicalName() {

         if (isArray()) {

             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();

             if (canonicalName != null)

                 return canonicalName + "[]";

             else

                 return null;

         }

 //        if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())

 //            return null;

 //        Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();

         Class<?> enclosingClass = null;

         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class

             return getName();

         } else {

             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();

             if (enclosingName == null)

                 return null;

             return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();

         }

     }

     /**

      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources

      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining

      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method

      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by

      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link

      * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.

      *

      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the

      * given resource name using this algorithm:

      *

      * <ul>

      *

      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}

      * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the

      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.

      *

      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:

      *

      * <blockquote>

      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}

      * </blockquote>

      *

      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this

      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}

      * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).

      *

      * </ul>

      *

      * @param  name name of the desired resource

      * @return      A {@link java.io.InputStream} object or {@code null} if

      *              no resource with this name is found

      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}

      * @since  JDK1.1

      */

      public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {

         name = resolveName(name);

         byte[] arr = getResourceAsStream0(name);

         return arr == null ? null : new ByteArrayInputStream(arr);

      }

      @JavaScriptBody(args = "name", body = 

          "return (vm.loadBytes) ? vm.loadBytes(name) : null;"

      )

      private static native byte[] getResourceAsStream0(String name);

     /**

      * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources

      * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining

      * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method

      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by

      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link

      * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.

      *

      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the

      * given resource name using this algorithm:

      *

      * <ul>

      *

      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}

      * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the

      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.

      *

      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:

      *

      * <blockquote>

      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}

      * </blockquote>

      *

      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this

      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}

      * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).

      *

      * </ul>

      *

      * @param  name name of the desired resource

      * @return      A  {@link java.net.URL} object or {@code null} if no

      *              resource with this name is found

      * @since  JDK1.1

      */

     public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {

         name = resolveName(name);

         ClassLoader cl = null;

         if (cl==null) {

             // A system class.

             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);

         }

         return cl.getResource(name);

     }

    /**

      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"

      * if name is absolute

      */

     private String resolveName(String name) {

         if (name == null) {

             return name;

         }

         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {

             Class<?> c = this;

             while (c.isArray()) {

                 c = c.getComponentType();

             }

             String baseName = c.getName();

             int index = baseName.lastIndexOf('.');

             if (index != -1) {

                 name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/')

                     +"/"+name;

             }

         } else {

             name = name.substring(1);

         }

         return name;

     }

     /**

      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use

      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return

      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap

      * class loader.

      *

      * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is

      * not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of

      * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then

      * this method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission}

      * method with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}

      * permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.

      *

      * <p>If this object

      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.

      *

      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface

      *          represented by this object.

      * @throws SecurityException

      *    if a security manager exists and its

      *    {@code checkPermission} method denies

      *    access to the class loader for the class.

      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader

      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission

      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission

      */

     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {

         throw new SecurityException();

     }

     /**

      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an

      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method

      * returns null.

      *

      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this

      * class if this class is an array

      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array

      * @since JDK1.1

      */

     public Class<?> getComponentType() {

         if (isArray()) {

             try {

                 return getComponentType0();

             } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {

                 throw new IllegalStateException(cnfe);

             }

         }

         return null;

     }

     private Class<?> getComponentType0() throws ClassNotFoundException {

         String n = getName().substring(1);

         switch (n.charAt(0)) {

             case 'L': 

                 n = n.substring(1, n.length() - 1);

                 return Class.forName(n);

             case 'I':

                 return Integer.TYPE;

             case 'J':

                 return Long.TYPE;

             case 'D':

                 return Double.TYPE;

             case 'F':

                 return Float.TYPE;

             case 'B':

                 return Byte.TYPE;

             case 'Z':

                 return Boolean.TYPE;

             case 'S':

                 return Short.TYPE;

             case 'V':

                 return Void.TYPE;

             case 'C':

                 return Character.TYPE;

             case '[':

                 return defineArray(n);

             default:

                 throw new ClassNotFoundException("Unknown component type of " + getName());

         }

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = { "sig" }, body = 

         "var c = Array[sig];\n" +

         "if (c) return c;\n" +

         "c = vm.java_lang_Class(true);\n" +

         "c.jvmName = sig;\n" +

         "c.superclass = vm.java_lang_Object(false).$class;\n" +

         "c.array = true;\n" +

         "Array[sig] = c;\n" +

         "return c;"

     )

     private static native Class<?> defineArray(String sig);

     /**

      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the

      * source code.

      *

      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the

      *     source code

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public boolean isEnum() {

         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have

         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants

         // don't do the former.

         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&

         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;

     }

     /**

      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented

      * by this {@code Class} object.

      *

      * @param obj the object to be cast

      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null

      *

      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not

      * null and is not assignable to the type T.

      *

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public T cast(Object obj) {

         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))

             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));

         return (T) obj;

     }

     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {

         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();

     }

     /**

      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class

      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that that the cast

      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If

      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.

      *

      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of

      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the

      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would

      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast

      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented

      * by erasure).

      *

      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of

      *    the specified class object.

      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not

      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes

      *    the class itself).

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {

         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))

             return (Class<? extends U>) this;

         else

             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = { "ac" }, 

         body = 

           "if (this.anno) {"

         + "  return this.anno['L' + ac.jvmName + ';'];"

         + "} else return null;"

     )

     private Object getAnnotationData(Class<?> annotationClass) {

         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

     }

     /**

      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {

         Object data = getAnnotationData(annotationClass);

         return data == null ? null : AnnotationImpl.create(annotationClass, data);

     }

     /**

      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}

      * @since 1.5

      */

     @JavaScriptBody(args = { "ac" }, 

         body = "if (this.anno && this.anno['L' + ac.jvmName + ';']) { return true; }"

         + "else return false;"

     )

     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(

         Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {

         if (annotationClass == null)

             throw new NullPointerException();

         return getAnnotation(annotationClass) != null;

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = {}, body = "return this.anno;")

     private Object getAnnotationData() {

         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

     }

     /**

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {

         Object data = getAnnotationData();

         return data == null ? new Annotation[0] : AnnotationImpl.create(data);

     }

     /**

      * @since 1.5

      */

     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {

         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();

     }

     @JavaScriptBody(args = "type", body = ""

         + "var c = vm.java_lang_Class(true);"

         + "c.jvmName = type;"

         + "c.primitive = true;"

         + "return c;"

     )

     native static Class getPrimitiveClass(String type);

     @JavaScriptBody(args = {}, body = 

         "return vm.desiredAssertionStatus ? vm.desiredAssertionStatus : false;"

     )

     public native boolean desiredAssertionStatus();

 }