/*

  * Copyright (c) 1995, 2008, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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  * questions.

  */

 package java.net;

 import java.io.IOException;

 import java.io.InputStream;

 /**

  * Class <code>URL</code> represents a Uniform Resource

  * Locator, a pointer to a "resource" on the World

  * Wide Web. A resource can be something as simple as a file or a

  * directory, or it can be a reference to a more complicated object,

  * such as a query to a database or to a search engine. More

  * information on the types of URLs and their formats can be found at:

  * <blockquote>

  *     <a href="http://www.socs.uts.edu.au/MosaicDocs-old/url-primer.html">

  *    <i>http://www.socs.uts.edu.au/MosaicDocs-old/url-primer.html</i></a>

  * </blockquote>

  * <p>

  * In general, a URL can be broken into several parts. The previous

  * example of a URL indicates that the protocol to use is

  * <code>http</code> (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and that the

  * information resides on a host machine named

  * <code>www.socs.uts.edu.au</code>. The information on that host

  * machine is named <code>/MosaicDocs-old/url-primer.html</code>. The exact

  * meaning of this name on the host machine is both protocol

  * dependent and host dependent. The information normally resides in

  * a file, but it could be generated on the fly. This component of

  * the URL is called the <i>path</i> component.

  * <p>

  * A URL can optionally specify a "port", which is the

  * port number to which the TCP connection is made on the remote host

  * machine. If the port is not specified, the default port for

  * the protocol is used instead. For example, the default port for

  * <code>http</code> is <code>80</code>. An alternative port could be

  * specified as:

  * <blockquote><pre>

  *     http://www.socs.uts.edu.au:80/MosaicDocs-old/url-primer.html

  * </pre></blockquote>

  * <p>

  * The syntax of <code>URL</code> is defined by  <a

  * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;2396: Uniform

  * Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>, amended by <a

  * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;2732: Format for

  * Literal IPv6 Addresses in URLs</i></a>. The Literal IPv6 address format

  * also supports scope_ids. The syntax and usage of scope_ids is described

  * <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a>.

  * <p>

  * A URL may have appended to it a "fragment", also known

  * as a "ref" or a "reference". The fragment is indicated by the sharp

  * sign character "#" followed by more characters. For example,

  * <blockquote><pre>

  *     http://java.sun.com/index.html#chapter1

  * </pre></blockquote>

  * <p>

  * This fragment is not technically part of the URL. Rather, it

  * indicates that after the specified resource is retrieved, the

  * application is specifically interested in that part of the

  * document that has the tag <code>chapter1</code> attached to it. The

  * meaning of a tag is resource specific.

  * <p>

  * An application can also specify a "relative URL",

  * which contains only enough information to reach the resource

  * relative to another URL. Relative URLs are frequently used within

  * HTML pages. For example, if the contents of the URL:

  * <blockquote><pre>

  *     http://java.sun.com/index.html

  * </pre></blockquote>

  * contained within it the relative URL:

  * <blockquote><pre>

  *     FAQ.html

  * </pre></blockquote>

  * it would be a shorthand for:

  * <blockquote><pre>

  *     http://java.sun.com/FAQ.html

  * </pre></blockquote>

  * <p>

  * The relative URL need not specify all the components of a URL. If

  * the protocol, host name, or port number is missing, the value is

  * inherited from the fully specified URL. The file component must be

  * specified. The optional fragment is not inherited.

  * <p>

  * The URL class does not itself encode or decode any URL components

  * according to the escaping mechanism defined in RFC2396. It is the

  * responsibility of the caller to encode any fields, which need to be

  * escaped prior to calling URL, and also to decode any escaped fields,

  * that are returned from URL. Furthermore, because URL has no knowledge

  * of URL escaping, it does not recognise equivalence between the encoded

  * or decoded form of the same URL. For example, the two URLs:<br>

  * <pre>    http://foo.com/hello world/ and http://foo.com/hello%20world</pre>

  * would be considered not equal to each other.

  * <p>

  * Note, the {@link java.net.URI} class does perform escaping of its

  * component fields in certain circumstances. The recommended way

  * to manage the encoding and decoding of URLs is to use {@link java.net.URI},

  * and to convert between these two classes using {@link #toURI()} and

  * {@link URI#toURL()}.

  * <p>

  * The {@link URLEncoder} and {@link URLDecoder} classes can also be

  * used, but only for HTML form encoding, which is not the same

  * as the encoding scheme defined in RFC2396.

  *

  * @author  James Gosling

  * @since JDK1.0

  */

 public final class URL implements java.io.Serializable {

     static final long serialVersionUID = -7627629688361524110L;

     /**

      * The property which specifies the package prefix list to be scanned

      * for protocol handlers.  The value of this property (if any) should

      * be a vertical bar delimited list of package names to search through

      * for a protocol handler to load.  The policy of this class is that

      * all protocol handlers will be in a class called <protocolname>.Handler,

      * and each package in the list is examined in turn for a matching

      * handler.  If none are found (or the property is not specified), the

      * default package prefix, sun.net.www.protocol, is used.  The search

      * proceeds from the first package in the list to the last and stops

      * when a match is found.

      */

     private static final String protocolPathProp = "java.protocol.handler.pkgs";

     /**

      * The protocol to use (ftp, http, nntp, ... etc.) .

      * @serial

      */

     private String protocol;

     /**

      * The host name to connect to.

      * @serial

      */

     private String host;

     /**

      * The protocol port to connect to.

      * @serial

      */

     private int port = -1;

     /**

      * The specified file name on that host. <code>file</code> is

      * defined as <code>path[?query]</code>

      * @serial

      */

     private String file;

     /**

      * The query part of this URL.

      */

     private transient String query;

     /**

      * The authority part of this URL.

      * @serial

      */

     private String authority;

     /**

      * The path part of this URL.

      */

     private transient String path;

     /**

      * The userinfo part of this URL.

      */

     private transient String userInfo;

     /**

      * # reference.

      * @serial

      */

     private String ref;

     /**

      * The host's IP address, used in equals and hashCode.

      * Computed on demand. An uninitialized or unknown hostAddress is null.

      */

     transient Object hostAddress;

     /**

      * The URLStreamHandler for this URL.

      */

     transient URLStreamHandler handler;

     /* Our hash code.

      * @serial

      */

     private int hashCode = -1;

     /**

      * Creates a <code>URL</code> object from the specified

      * <code>protocol</code>, <code>host</code>, <code>port</code>

      * number, and <code>file</code>.<p>

      *

      * <code>host</code> can be expressed as a host name or a literal

      * IP address. If IPv6 literal address is used, it should be

      * enclosed in square brackets (<tt>'['</tt> and <tt>']'</tt>), as

      * specified by <a

      * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt">RFC&nbsp;2732</a>;

      * However, the literal IPv6 address format defined in <a

      * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;2373: IP

      * Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a> is also accepted.<p>

      *

      * Specifying a <code>port</code> number of <code>-1</code>

      * indicates that the URL should use the default port for the

      * protocol.<p>

      *

      * If this is the first URL object being created with the specified

      * protocol, a <i>stream protocol handler</i> object, an instance of

      * class <code>URLStreamHandler</code>, is created for that protocol:

      * <ol>

      * <li>If the application has previously set up an instance of

      *     <code>URLStreamHandlerFactory</code> as the stream handler factory,

      *     then the <code>createURLStreamHandler</code> method of that instance

      *     is called with the protocol string as an argument to create the

      *     stream protocol handler.

      * <li>If no <code>URLStreamHandlerFactory</code> has yet been set up,

      *     or if the factory's <code>createURLStreamHandler</code> method

      *     returns <code>null</code>, then the constructor finds the

      *     value of the system property:

      *     <blockquote><pre>

      *         java.protocol.handler.pkgs

      *     </pre></blockquote>

      *     If the value of that system property is not <code>null</code>,

      *     it is interpreted as a list of packages separated by a vertical

      *     slash character '<code>|</code>'. The constructor tries to load

      *     the class named:

      *     <blockquote><pre>

      *         &lt;<i>package</i>&gt;.&lt;<i>protocol</i>&gt;.Handler

      *     </pre></blockquote>

      *     where &lt;<i>package</i>&gt; is replaced by the name of the package

      *     and &lt;<i>protocol</i>&gt; is replaced by the name of the protocol.

      *     If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not

      *     a subclass of <code>URLStreamHandler</code>, then the next package

      *     in the list is tried.

      * <li>If the previous step fails to find a protocol handler, then the

      *     constructor tries to load from a system default package.

      *     <blockquote><pre>

      *         &lt;<i>system default package</i>&gt;.&lt;<i>protocol</i>&gt;.Handler

      *     </pre></blockquote>

      *     If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not a

      *     subclass of <code>URLStreamHandler</code>, then a

      *     <code>MalformedURLException</code> is thrown.

      * </ol>

      *

      * <p>Protocol handlers for the following protocols are guaranteed

      * to exist on the search path :-

      * <blockquote><pre>

      *     http, https, ftp, file, and jar

      * </pre></blockquote>

      * Protocol handlers for additional protocols may also be

      * available.

      *

      * <p>No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.

      *

      * @param      protocol   the name of the protocol to use.

      * @param      host       the name of the host.

      * @param      port       the port number on the host.

      * @param      file       the file on the host

      * @exception  MalformedURLException  if an unknown protocol is specified.

      * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)

      * @see        java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(

      *                  java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory)

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandler

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(

      *                  java.lang.String)

      */

     public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file)

         throws MalformedURLException

     {

         this(protocol, host, port, file, null);

     }

     /**

      * Creates a URL from the specified <code>protocol</code>

      * name, <code>host</code> name, and <code>file</code> name. The

      * default port for the specified protocol is used.

      * <p>

      * This method is equivalent to calling the four-argument

      * constructor with the arguments being <code>protocol</code>,

      * <code>host</code>, <code>-1</code>, and <code>file</code>.

      *

      * No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.

      *

      * @param      protocol   the name of the protocol to use.

      * @param      host       the name of the host.

      * @param      file       the file on the host.

      * @exception  MalformedURLException  if an unknown protocol is specified.

      * @see        java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,

      *                  int, java.lang.String)

      */

     public URL(String protocol, String host, String file)

             throws MalformedURLException {

         this(protocol, host, -1, file);

     }

     /**

      * Creates a <code>URL</code> object from the specified

      * <code>protocol</code>, <code>host</code>, <code>port</code>

      * number, <code>file</code>, and <code>handler</code>. Specifying

      * a <code>port</code> number of <code>-1</code> indicates that

      * the URL should use the default port for the protocol. Specifying

      * a <code>handler</code> of <code>null</code> indicates that the URL

      * should use a default stream handler for the protocol, as outlined

      * for:

      *     java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int,

      *                      java.lang.String)

      *

      * <p>If the handler is not null and there is a security manager,

      * the security manager's <code>checkPermission</code>

      * method is called with a

      * <code>NetPermission("specifyStreamHandler")</code> permission.

      * This may result in a SecurityException.

      *

      * No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.

      *

      * @param      protocol   the name of the protocol to use.

      * @param      host       the name of the host.

      * @param      port       the port number on the host.

      * @param      file       the file on the host

      * @param      handler    the stream handler for the URL.

      * @exception  MalformedURLException  if an unknown protocol is specified.

      * @exception  SecurityException

      *        if a security manager exists and its

      *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn't allow

      *        specifying a stream handler explicitly.

      * @see        java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)

      * @see        java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(

      *                  java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory)

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandler

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(

      *                  java.lang.String)

      * @see        SecurityManager#checkPermission

      * @see        java.net.NetPermission

      */

     public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file,

                URLStreamHandler handler) throws MalformedURLException {

         if (handler != null) {

             throw new SecurityException();

         }

         protocol = protocol.toLowerCase();

         this.protocol = protocol;

         if (host != null) {

             /**

              * if host is a literal IPv6 address,

              * we will make it conform to RFC 2732

              */

             if (host.indexOf(':') >= 0 && !host.startsWith("[")) {

                 host = "["+host+"]";

             }

             this.host = host;

             if (port < -1) {

                 throw new MalformedURLException("Invalid port number :" +

                                                     port);

             }

             this.port = port;

             authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;

         }

         Parts parts = new Parts(file);

         path = parts.getPath();

         query = parts.getQuery();

         if (query != null) {

             this.file = path + "?" + query;

         } else {

             this.file = path;

         }

         ref = parts.getRef();

         // Note: we don't do validation of the URL here. Too risky to change

         // right now, but worth considering for future reference. -br

         if (handler == null &&

             (handler = getURLStreamHandler(protocol)) == null) {

             throw new MalformedURLException("unknown protocol: " + protocol);

         }

         this.handler = handler;

     }

     /**

      * Creates a <code>URL</code> object from the <code>String</code>

      * representation.

      * <p>

      * This constructor is equivalent to a call to the two-argument

      * constructor with a <code>null</code> first argument.

      *

      * @param      spec   the <code>String</code> to parse as a URL.

      * @exception  MalformedURLException  if no protocol is specified, or an

      *               unknown protocol is found, or <tt>spec</tt> is <tt>null</tt>.

      * @see        java.net.URL#URL(java.net.URL, java.lang.String)

      */

     public URL(String spec) throws MalformedURLException {

         this(null, spec);

     }

     /**

      * Creates a URL by parsing the given spec within a specified context.

      *

      * The new URL is created from the given context URL and the spec

      * argument as described in

      * RFC2396 "Uniform Resource Identifiers : Generic * Syntax" :

      * <blockquote><pre>

      *          <scheme>://<authority><path>?<query>#<fragment>

      * </pre></blockquote>

      * The reference is parsed into the scheme, authority, path, query and

      * fragment parts. If the path component is empty and the scheme,

      * authority, and query components are undefined, then the new URL is a

      * reference to the current document. Otherwise, the fragment and query

      * parts present in the spec are used in the new URL.

      * <p>

      * If the scheme component is defined in the given spec and does not match

      * the scheme of the context, then the new URL is created as an absolute

      * URL based on the spec alone. Otherwise the scheme component is inherited

      * from the context URL.

      * <p>

      * If the authority component is present in the spec then the spec is

      * treated as absolute and the spec authority and path will replace the

      * context authority and path. If the authority component is absent in the

      * spec then the authority of the new URL will be inherited from the

      * context.

      * <p>

      * If the spec's path component begins with a slash character

      * "/" then the

      * path is treated as absolute and the spec path replaces the context path.

      * <p>

      * Otherwise, the path is treated as a relative path and is appended to the

      * context path, as described in RFC2396. Also, in this case,

      * the path is canonicalized through the removal of directory

      * changes made by occurences of ".." and ".".

      * <p>

      * For a more detailed description of URL parsing, refer to RFC2396.

      *

      * @param      context   the context in which to parse the specification.

      * @param      spec      the <code>String</code> to parse as a URL.

      * @exception  MalformedURLException  if no protocol is specified, or an

      *               unknown protocol is found, or <tt>spec</tt> is <tt>null</tt>.

      * @see        java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,

      *                  int, java.lang.String)

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandler

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandler#parseURL(java.net.URL,

      *                  java.lang.String, int, int)

      */

     public URL(URL context, String spec) throws MalformedURLException {

         this(context, spec, null);

     }

     /**

      * Creates a URL by parsing the given spec with the specified handler

      * within a specified context. If the handler is null, the parsing

      * occurs as with the two argument constructor.

      *

      * @param      context   the context in which to parse the specification.

      * @param      spec      the <code>String</code> to parse as a URL.

      * @param      handler   the stream handler for the URL.

      * @exception  MalformedURLException  if no protocol is specified, or an

      *               unknown protocol is found, or <tt>spec</tt> is <tt>null</tt>.

      * @exception  SecurityException

      *        if a security manager exists and its

      *        <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn't allow

      *        specifying a stream handler.

      * @see        java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,

      *                  int, java.lang.String)

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandler

      * @see        java.net.URLStreamHandler#parseURL(java.net.URL,

      *                  java.lang.String, int, int)

      */

     public URL(URL context, String spec, URLStreamHandler handler)

         throws MalformedURLException

     {

         String original = spec;

         int i, limit, c;

         int start = 0;

         String newProtocol = null;

         boolean aRef=false;

         boolean isRelative = false;

         // Check for permission to specify a handler

         if (handler != null) {

             throw new SecurityException();

         }

         try {

             limit = spec.length();

             while ((limit > 0) && (spec.charAt(limit - 1) <= ' ')) {

                 limit--;        //eliminate trailing whitespace

             }

             while ((start < limit) && (spec.charAt(start) <= ' ')) {

                 start++;        // eliminate leading whitespace

             }

             if (spec.regionMatches(true, start, "url:", 0, 4)) {

                 start += 4;

             }

             if (start < spec.length() && spec.charAt(start) == '#') {

                 /* we're assuming this is a ref relative to the context URL.

                  * This means protocols cannot start w/ '#', but we must parse

                  * ref URL's like: "hello:there" w/ a ':' in them.

                  */

                 aRef=true;

             }

             for (i = start ; !aRef && (i < limit) &&

                      ((c = spec.charAt(i)) != '/') ; i++) {

                 if (c == ':') {

                     String s = spec.substring(start, i).toLowerCase();

                     if (isValidProtocol(s)) {

                         newProtocol = s;

                         start = i + 1;

                     }

                     break;

                 }

             }

             // Only use our context if the protocols match.

             protocol = newProtocol;

             if ((context != null) && ((newProtocol == null) ||

                             newProtocol.equalsIgnoreCase(context.protocol))) {

                 // inherit the protocol handler from the context

                 // if not specified to the constructor

                 if (handler == null) {

                     handler = context.handler;

                 }

                 // If the context is a hierarchical URL scheme and the spec

                 // contains a matching scheme then maintain backwards

                 // compatibility and treat it as if the spec didn't contain

                 // the scheme; see 5.2.3 of RFC2396

                 if (context.path != null && context.path.startsWith("/"))

                     newProtocol = null;

                 if (newProtocol == null) {

                     protocol = context.protocol;

                     authority = context.authority;

                     userInfo = context.userInfo;

                     host = context.host;

                     port = context.port;

                     file = context.file;

                     path = context.path;

                     isRelative = true;

                 }

             }

             if (protocol == null) {

                 throw new MalformedURLException("no protocol: "+original);

             }

             // Get the protocol handler if not specified or the protocol

             // of the context could not be used

             if (handler == null &&

                 (handler = getURLStreamHandler(protocol)) == null) {

                 throw new MalformedURLException("unknown protocol: "+protocol);

             }

             this.handler = handler;

             i = spec.indexOf('#', start);

             if (i >= 0) {

 //thrw(protocol + " hnd: " + handler.getClass().getName() + " i: " + i);

                 ref = spec.substring(i + 1, limit);

                 limit = i;

             }

             /*

              * Handle special case inheritance of query and fragment

              * implied by RFC2396 section 5.2.2.

              */

             if (isRelative && start == limit) {

                 query = context.query;

                 if (ref == null) {

                     ref = context.ref;

                 }

             }

             handler.parseURL(this, spec, start, limit);

         } catch(MalformedURLException e) {

             throw e;

         } catch(Exception e) {

             MalformedURLException exception = new MalformedURLException(e.getMessage());

             exception.initCause(e);

             throw exception;

         }

     }

     /*

      * Returns true if specified string is a valid protocol name.

      */

     private boolean isValidProtocol(String protocol) {

         int len = protocol.length();

         if (len < 1)

             return false;

         char c = protocol.charAt(0);

         if (!Character.isLetter(c))

             return false;

         for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {

             c = protocol.charAt(i);

             if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) && c != '.' && c != '+' &&

                 c != '-') {

                 return false;

             }

         }

         return true;

     }

     /**

      * Sets the fields of the URL. This is not a public method so that

      * only URLStreamHandlers can modify URL fields. URLs are

      * otherwise constant.

      *

      * @param protocol the name of the protocol to use

      * @param host the name of the host

        @param port the port number on the host

      * @param file the file on the host

      * @param ref the internal reference in the URL

      */

     protected void set(String protocol, String host,

                        int port, String file, String ref) {

         synchronized (this) {

             this.protocol = protocol;

             this.host = host;

             authority = port == -1 ? host : host + ":" + port;

             this.port = port;

             this.file = file;

             this.ref = ref;

             /* This is very important. We must recompute this after the

              * URL has been changed. */

             hashCode = -1;

             hostAddress = null;

             int q = file.lastIndexOf('?');

             if (q != -1) {

                 query = file.substring(q+1);

                 path = file.substring(0, q);

             } else

                 path = file;

         }

     }

     /**

      * Sets the specified 8 fields of the URL. This is not a public method so

      * that only URLStreamHandlers can modify URL fields. URLs are otherwise

      * constant.

      *

      * @param protocol the name of the protocol to use

      * @param host the name of the host

      * @param port the port number on the host

      * @param authority the authority part for the url

      * @param userInfo the username and password

      * @param path the file on the host

      * @param ref the internal reference in the URL

      * @param query the query part of this URL

      * @since 1.3

      */

     protected void set(String protocol, String host, int port,

                        String authority, String userInfo, String path,

                        String query, String ref) {

         synchronized (this) {

             this.protocol = protocol;

             this.host = host;

             this.port = port;

             this.file = query == null ? path : path + "?" + query;

             this.userInfo = userInfo;

             this.path = path;

             this.ref = ref;

             /* This is very important. We must recompute this after the

              * URL has been changed. */

             hashCode = -1;

             hostAddress = null;

             this.query = query;

             this.authority = authority;

         }

     }

     /**

      * Gets the query part of this <code>URL</code>.

      *

      * @return  the query part of this <code>URL</code>,

      * or <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist

      * @since 1.3

      */

     public String getQuery() {

         return query;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the path part of this <code>URL</code>.

      *

      * @return  the path part of this <code>URL</code>, or an

      * empty string if one does not exist

      * @since 1.3

      */

     public String getPath() {

         return path;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the userInfo part of this <code>URL</code>.

      *

      * @return  the userInfo part of this <code>URL</code>, or

      * <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist

      * @since 1.3

      */

     public String getUserInfo() {

         return userInfo;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the authority part of this <code>URL</code>.

      *

      * @return  the authority part of this <code>URL</code>

      * @since 1.3

      */

     public String getAuthority() {

         return authority;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the port number of this <code>URL</code>.

      *

      * @return  the port number, or -1 if the port is not set

      */

     public int getPort() {

         return port;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the default port number of the protocol associated

      * with this <code>URL</code>. If the URL scheme or the URLStreamHandler

      * for the URL do not define a default port number,

      * then -1 is returned.

      *

      * @return  the port number

      * @since 1.4

      */

     public int getDefaultPort() {

         return handler.getDefaultPort();

     }

     /**

      * Gets the protocol name of this <code>URL</code>.

      *

      * @return  the protocol of this <code>URL</code>.

      */

     public String getProtocol() {

         return protocol;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the host name of this <code>URL</code>, if applicable.

      * The format of the host conforms to RFC 2732, i.e. for a

      * literal IPv6 address, this method will return the IPv6 address

      * enclosed in square brackets (<tt>'['</tt> and <tt>']'</tt>).

      *

      * @return  the host name of this <code>URL</code>.

      */

     public String getHost() {

         return host;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the file name of this <code>URL</code>.

      * The returned file portion will be

      * the same as <CODE>getPath()</CODE>, plus the concatenation of

      * the value of <CODE>getQuery()</CODE>, if any. If there is

      * no query portion, this method and <CODE>getPath()</CODE> will

      * return identical results.

      *

      * @return  the file name of this <code>URL</code>,

      * or an empty string if one does not exist

      */

     public String getFile() {

         return file;

     }

     /**

      * Gets the anchor (also known as the "reference") of this

      * <code>URL</code>.

      *

      * @return  the anchor (also known as the "reference") of this

      *          <code>URL</code>, or <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist

      */

     public String getRef() {

         return ref;

     }

     /**

      * Compares this URL for equality with another object.<p>

      *

      * If the given object is not a URL then this method immediately returns

      * <code>false</code>.<p>

      *

      * Two URL objects are equal if they have the same protocol, reference

      * equivalent hosts, have the same port number on the host, and the same

      * file and fragment of the file.<p>

      *

      * Two hosts are considered equivalent if both host names can be resolved

      * into the same IP addresses; else if either host name can't be

      * resolved, the host names must be equal without regard to case; or both

      * host names equal to null.<p>

      *

      * Since hosts comparison requires name resolution, this operation is a

      * blocking operation. <p>

      *

      * Note: The defined behavior for <code>equals</code> is known to

      * be inconsistent with virtual hosting in HTTP.

      *

      * @param   obj   the URL to compare against.

      * @return  <code>true</code> if the objects are the same;

      *          <code>false</code> otherwise.

      */

     public boolean equals(Object obj) {

         if (!(obj instanceof URL))

             return false;

         URL u2 = (URL)obj;

         return handler.equals(this, u2);

     }

     /**

      * Creates an integer suitable for hash table indexing.<p>

      *

      * The hash code is based upon all the URL components relevant for URL

      * comparison. As such, this operation is a blocking operation.<p>

      *

      * @return  a hash code for this <code>URL</code>.

      */

     public synchronized int hashCode() {

         if (hashCode != -1)

             return hashCode;

         hashCode = handler.hashCode(this);

         return hashCode;

     }

     /**

      * Compares two URLs, excluding the fragment component.<p>

      *

      * Returns <code>true</code> if this <code>URL</code> and the

      * <code>other</code> argument are equal without taking the

      * fragment component into consideration.

      *

      * @param   other   the <code>URL</code> to compare against.

      * @return  <code>true</code> if they reference the same remote object;

      *          <code>false</code> otherwise.

      */

     public boolean sameFile(URL other) {

         return handler.sameFile(this, other);

     }

     /**

      * Constructs a string representation of this <code>URL</code>. The

      * string is created by calling the <code>toExternalForm</code>

      * method of the stream protocol handler for this object.

      *

      * @return  a string representation of this object.

      * @see     java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int,

      *                  java.lang.String)

      * @see     java.net.URLStreamHandler#toExternalForm(java.net.URL)

      */

     public String toString() {

         return toExternalForm();

     }

     /**

      * Constructs a string representation of this <code>URL</code>. The

      * string is created by calling the <code>toExternalForm</code>

      * method of the stream protocol handler for this object.

      *

      * @return  a string representation of this object.

      * @see     java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,

      *                  int, java.lang.String)

      * @see     java.net.URLStreamHandler#toExternalForm(java.net.URL)

      */

     public String toExternalForm() {

         return handler.toExternalForm(this);

     }

     /**

      * Returns a {@link java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} instance that

      * represents a connection to the remote object referred to by the

      * {@code URL}.

      *

      * <P>A new instance of {@linkplain java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} is

      * created every time when invoking the

      * {@linkplain java.net.URLStreamHandler#openConnection(URL)

      * URLStreamHandler.openConnection(URL)} method of the protocol handler for

      * this URL.</P>

      *

      * <P>It should be noted that a URLConnection instance does not establish

      * the actual network connection on creation. This will happen only when

      * calling {@linkplain java.net.URLConnection#connect() URLConnection.connect()}.</P>

      *

      * <P>If for the URL's protocol (such as HTTP or JAR), there

      * exists a public, specialized URLConnection subclass belonging

      * to one of the following packages or one of their subpackages:

      * java.lang, java.io, java.util, java.net, the connection

      * returned will be of that subclass. For example, for HTTP an

      * HttpURLConnection will be returned, and for JAR a

      * JarURLConnection will be returned.</P>

      *

      * @return     a {@link java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} linking

      *             to the URL.

      * @exception  IOException  if an I/O exception occurs.

      * @see        java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,

      *             int, java.lang.String)

      */

 //    public URLConnection openConnection() throws java.io.IOException {

 //        return handler.openConnection(this);

 //    }

     /**

      * Opens a connection to this <code>URL</code> and returns an

      * <code>InputStream</code> for reading from that connection. This

      * method is a shorthand for:

      * <blockquote><pre>

      *     openConnection().getInputStream()

      * </pre></blockquote>

      *

      * @return     an input stream for reading from the URL connection.

      * @exception  IOException  if an I/O exception occurs.

      * @see        java.net.URL#openConnection()

      * @see        java.net.URLConnection#getInputStream()

      */

     public final InputStream openStream() throws java.io.IOException {

         throw new IOException();

 //        return openConnection().getInputStream();

     }

     /**

      * Gets the contents of this URL. This method is a shorthand for:

      * <blockquote><pre>

      *     openConnection().getContent()

      * </pre></blockquote>

      *

      * @return     the contents of this URL.

      * @exception  IOException  if an I/O exception occurs.

      * @see        java.net.URLConnection#getContent()

      */

     public final Object getContent() throws java.io.IOException {

         throw new IOException();

 //        return openConnection().getContent();

     }

     /**

      * Gets the contents of this URL. This method is a shorthand for:

      * <blockquote><pre>

      *     openConnection().getContent(Class[])

      * </pre></blockquote>

      *

      * @param classes an array of Java types

      * @return     the content object of this URL that is the first match of

      *               the types specified in the classes array.

      *               null if none of the requested types are supported.

      * @exception  IOException  if an I/O exception occurs.

      * @see        java.net.URLConnection#getContent(Class[])

      * @since 1.3

      */

     public final Object getContent(Class[] classes)

     throws java.io.IOException {

         throw new IOException();

 //        return openConnection().getContent(classes);

     }

     static URLStreamHandler getURLStreamHandler(String protocol) {

         Class<URLStreamHandler> c = URLStreamHandler.class; // XXX only here to pre-initialize URLStreamHandler

         URLStreamHandler universal = new URLStreamHandler() {};

         return universal;

     }

 }

 class Parts {

     String path, query, ref;

     Parts(String file) {

         int ind = file.indexOf('#');

         ref = ind < 0 ? null: file.substring(ind + 1);

         file = ind < 0 ? file: file.substring(0, ind);

         int q = file.lastIndexOf('?');

         if (q != -1) {

             query = file.substring(q+1);

             path = file.substring(0, q);

         } else {

             path = file;

         }

     }

     String getPath() {

         return path;

     }

     String getQuery() {

         return query;

     }

     String getRef() {

         return ref;

     }

 }