/*

  * Copyright (c) 1996, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

  *

  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

  *

  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

  * accompanied this code).

  *

  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

  *

  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

  * questions.

  */

 /*

  * (C) Copyright Taligent, Inc. 1996 - All Rights Reserved

  * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1996-1998 - All Rights Reserved

  *

  *   The original version of this source code and documentation is copyrighted

  * and owned by Taligent, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. These

  * materials are provided under terms of a License Agreement between Taligent

  * and Sun. This technology is protected by multiple US and International

  * patents. This notice and attribution to Taligent may not be removed.

  *   Taligent is a registered trademark of Taligent, Inc.

  *

  */

 package java.text;

 import java.io.IOException;

 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;

 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

 import java.util.Calendar;

 import java.util.Date;

 import java.util.Locale;

 import java.util.Map;

 import java.util.MissingResourceException;

 import java.util.ResourceBundle;

 import java.util.SimpleTimeZone;

 import java.util.TimeZone;

 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

 import static java.text.DateFormatSymbols.*;

 /**

  * <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> is a concrete class for formatting and

  * parsing dates in a locale-sensitive manner. It allows for formatting

  * (date -> text), parsing (text -> date), and normalization.

  *

  * <p>

  * <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> allows you to start by choosing

  * any user-defined patterns for date-time formatting. However, you

  * are encouraged to create a date-time formatter with either

  * <code>getTimeInstance</code>, <code>getDateInstance</code>, or

  * <code>getDateTimeInstance</code> in <code>DateFormat</code>. Each

  * of these class methods can return a date/time formatter initialized

  * with a default format pattern. You may modify the format pattern

  * using the <code>applyPattern</code> methods as desired.

  * For more information on using these methods, see

  * {@link DateFormat}.

  *

  * <h4>Date and Time Patterns</h4>

  * <p>

  * Date and time formats are specified by <em>date and time pattern</em>

  * strings.

  * Within date and time pattern strings, unquoted letters from

  * <code>'A'</code> to <code>'Z'</code> and from <code>'a'</code> to

  * <code>'z'</code> are interpreted as pattern letters representing the

  * components of a date or time string.

  * Text can be quoted using single quotes (<code>'</code>) to avoid

  * interpretation.

  * <code>"''"</code> represents a single quote.

  * All other characters are not interpreted; they're simply copied into the

  * output string during formatting or matched against the input string

  * during parsing.

  * <p>

  * The following pattern letters are defined (all other characters from

  * <code>'A'</code> to <code>'Z'</code> and from <code>'a'</code> to

  * <code>'z'</code> are reserved):

  * <blockquote>

  * <table border=0 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0 summary="Chart shows pattern letters, date/time component, presentation, and examples.">

  *     <tr bgcolor="#ccccff">

  *         <th align=left>Letter

  *         <th align=left>Date or Time Component

  *         <th align=left>Presentation

  *         <th align=left>Examples

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>G</code>

  *         <td>Era designator

  *         <td><a href="#text">Text</a>

  *         <td><code>AD</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>y</code>

  *         <td>Year

  *         <td><a href="#year">Year</a>

  *         <td><code>1996</code>; <code>96</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>Y</code>

  *         <td>Week year

  *         <td><a href="#year">Year</a>

  *         <td><code>2009</code>; <code>09</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>M</code>

  *         <td>Month in year

  *         <td><a href="#month">Month</a>

  *         <td><code>July</code>; <code>Jul</code>; <code>07</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>w</code>

  *         <td>Week in year

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>27</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>W</code>

  *         <td>Week in month

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>2</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>D</code>

  *         <td>Day in year

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>189</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>d</code>

  *         <td>Day in month

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>10</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>F</code>

  *         <td>Day of week in month

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>2</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>E</code>

  *         <td>Day name in week

  *         <td><a href="#text">Text</a>

  *         <td><code>Tuesday</code>; <code>Tue</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>u</code>

  *         <td>Day number of week (1 = Monday, ..., 7 = Sunday)

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>1</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>a</code>

  *         <td>Am/pm marker

  *         <td><a href="#text">Text</a>

  *         <td><code>PM</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>H</code>

  *         <td>Hour in day (0-23)

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>0</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>k</code>

  *         <td>Hour in day (1-24)

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>24</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>K</code>

  *         <td>Hour in am/pm (0-11)

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>0</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>h</code>

  *         <td>Hour in am/pm (1-12)

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>12</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>m</code>

  *         <td>Minute in hour

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>30</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>s</code>

  *         <td>Second in minute

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>55</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>S</code>

  *         <td>Millisecond

  *         <td><a href="#number">Number</a>

  *         <td><code>978</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>z</code>

  *         <td>Time zone

  *         <td><a href="#timezone">General time zone</a>

  *         <td><code>Pacific Standard Time</code>; <code>PST</code>; <code>GMT-08:00</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>Z</code>

  *         <td>Time zone

  *         <td><a href="#rfc822timezone">RFC 822 time zone</a>

  *         <td><code>-0800</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>X</code>

  *         <td>Time zone

  *         <td><a href="#iso8601timezone">ISO 8601 time zone</a>

  *         <td><code>-08</code>; <code>-0800</code>;  <code>-08:00</code>

  * </table>

  * </blockquote>

  * Pattern letters are usually repeated, as their number determines the

  * exact presentation:

  * <ul>

  * <li><strong><a name="text">Text:</a></strong>

  *     For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 4 or more,

  *     the full form is used; otherwise a short or abbreviated form

  *     is used if available.

  *     For parsing, both forms are accepted, independent of the number

  *     of pattern letters.<br><br></li>

  * <li><strong><a name="number">Number:</a></strong>

  *     For formatting, the number of pattern letters is the minimum

  *     number of digits, and shorter numbers are zero-padded to this amount.

  *     For parsing, the number of pattern letters is ignored unless

  *     it's needed to separate two adjacent fields.<br><br></li>

  * <li><strong><a name="year">Year:</a></strong>

  *     If the formatter's {@link #getCalendar() Calendar} is the Gregorian

  *     calendar, the following rules are applied.<br>

  *     <ul>

  *     <li>For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 2, the year

  *         is truncated to 2 digits; otherwise it is interpreted as a

  *         <a href="#number">number</a>.

  *     <li>For parsing, if the number of pattern letters is more than 2,

  *         the year is interpreted literally, regardless of the number of

  *         digits. So using the pattern "MM/dd/yyyy", "01/11/12" parses to

  *         Jan 11, 12 A.D.

  *     <li>For parsing with the abbreviated year pattern ("y" or "yy"),

  *         <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> must interpret the abbreviated year

  *         relative to some century.  It does this by adjusting dates to be

  *         within 80 years before and 20 years after the time the <code>SimpleDateFormat</code>

  *         instance is created. For example, using a pattern of "MM/dd/yy" and a

  *         <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> instance created on Jan 1, 1997,  the string

  *         "01/11/12" would be interpreted as Jan 11, 2012 while the string "05/04/64"

  *         would be interpreted as May 4, 1964.

  *         During parsing, only strings consisting of exactly two digits, as defined by

  *         {@link Character#isDigit(char)}, will be parsed into the default century.

  *         Any other numeric string, such as a one digit string, a three or more digit

  *         string, or a two digit string that isn't all digits (for example, "-1"), is

  *         interpreted literally.  So "01/02/3" or "01/02/003" are parsed, using the

  *         same pattern, as Jan 2, 3 AD.  Likewise, "01/02/-3" is parsed as Jan 2, 4 BC.

  *     </ul>

  *     Otherwise, calendar system specific forms are applied.

  *     For both formatting and parsing, if the number of pattern

  *     letters is 4 or more, a calendar specific {@linkplain

  *     Calendar#LONG long form} is used. Otherwise, a calendar

  *     specific {@linkplain Calendar#SHORT short or abbreviated form}

  *     is used.<br>

  *     <br>

  *     If week year {@code 'Y'} is specified and the {@linkplain

  *     #getCalendar() calendar} doesn't support any <a

  *     href="../util/GregorianCalendar.html#week_year"> week

  *     years</a>, the calendar year ({@code 'y'}) is used instead. The

  *     support of week years can be tested with a call to {@link

  *     DateFormat#getCalendar() getCalendar()}.{@link

  *     java.util.Calendar#isWeekDateSupported()

  *     isWeekDateSupported()}.<br><br></li>

  * <li><strong><a name="month">Month:</a></strong>

  *     If the number of pattern letters is 3 or more, the month is

  *     interpreted as <a href="#text">text</a>; otherwise,

  *     it is interpreted as a <a href="#number">number</a>.<br><br></li>

  * <li><strong><a name="timezone">General time zone:</a></strong>

  *     Time zones are interpreted as <a href="#text">text</a> if they have

  *     names. For time zones representing a GMT offset value, the

  *     following syntax is used:

  *     <pre>

  *     <a name="GMTOffsetTimeZone"><i>GMTOffsetTimeZone:</i></a>

  *             <code>GMT</code> <i>Sign</i> <i>Hours</i> <code>:</code> <i>Minutes</i>

  *     <i>Sign:</i> one of

  *             <code>+ -</code>

  *     <i>Hours:</i>

  *             <i>Digit</i>

  *             <i>Digit</i> <i>Digit</i>

  *     <i>Minutes:</i>

  *             <i>Digit</i> <i>Digit</i>

  *     <i>Digit:</i> one of

  *             <code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</code></pre>

  *     <i>Hours</i> must be between 0 and 23, and <i>Minutes</i> must be between

  *     00 and 59. The format is locale independent and digits must be taken

  *     from the Basic Latin block of the Unicode standard.

  *     <p>For parsing, <a href="#rfc822timezone">RFC 822 time zones</a> are also

  *     accepted.<br><br></li>

  * <li><strong><a name="rfc822timezone">RFC 822 time zone:</a></strong>

  *     For formatting, the RFC 822 4-digit time zone format is used:

  *

  *     <pre>

  *     <i>RFC822TimeZone:</i>

  *             <i>Sign</i> <i>TwoDigitHours</i> <i>Minutes</i>

  *     <i>TwoDigitHours:</i>

  *             <i>Digit Digit</i></pre>

  *     <i>TwoDigitHours</i> must be between 00 and 23. Other definitions

  *     are as for <a href="#timezone">general time zones</a>.

  *

  *     <p>For parsing, <a href="#timezone">general time zones</a> are also

  *     accepted.

  * <li><strong><a name="iso8601timezone">ISO 8601 Time zone:</a></strong>

  *     The number of pattern letters designates the format for both formatting

  *     and parsing as follows:

  *     <pre>

  *     <i>ISO8601TimeZone:</i>

  *             <i>OneLetterISO8601TimeZone</i>

  *             <i>TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone</i>

  *             <i>ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone</i>

  *     <i>OneLetterISO8601TimeZone:</i>

  *             <i>Sign</i> <i>TwoDigitHours</i>

  *             {@code Z}

  *     <i>TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone:</i>

  *             <i>Sign</i> <i>TwoDigitHours</i> <i>Minutes</i>

  *             {@code Z}

  *     <i>ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone:</i>

  *             <i>Sign</i> <i>TwoDigitHours</i> {@code :} <i>Minutes</i>

  *             {@code Z}</pre>

  *     Other definitions are as for <a href="#timezone">general time zones</a> or

  *     <a href="#rfc822timezone">RFC 822 time zones</a>.

  *

  *     <p>For formatting, if the offset value from GMT is 0, {@code "Z"} is

  *     produced. If the number of pattern letters is 1, any fraction of an hour

  *     is ignored. For example, if the pattern is {@code "X"} and the time zone is

  *     {@code "GMT+05:30"}, {@code "+05"} is produced.

  *

  *     <p>For parsing, {@code "Z"} is parsed as the UTC time zone designator.

  *     <a href="#timezone">General time zones</a> are <em>not</em> accepted.

  *

  *     <p>If the number of pattern letters is 4 or more, {@link

  *     IllegalArgumentException} is thrown when constructing a {@code

  *     SimpleDateFormat} or {@linkplain #applyPattern(String) applying a

  *     pattern}.

  * </ul>

  * <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> also supports <em>localized date and time

  * pattern</em> strings. In these strings, the pattern letters described above

  * may be replaced with other, locale dependent, pattern letters.

  * <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> does not deal with the localization of text

  * other than the pattern letters; that's up to the client of the class.

  * <p>

  *

  * <h4>Examples</h4>

  *

  * The following examples show how date and time patterns are interpreted in

  * the U.S. locale. The given date and time are 2001-07-04 12:08:56 local time

  * in the U.S. Pacific Time time zone.

  * <blockquote>

  * <table border=0 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0 summary="Examples of date and time patterns interpreted in the U.S. locale">

  *     <tr bgcolor="#ccccff">

  *         <th align=left>Date and Time Pattern

  *         <th align=left>Result

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>"yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z"</code>

  *         <td><code>2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>"EEE, MMM d, ''yy"</code>

  *         <td><code>Wed, Jul 4, '01</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>"h:mm a"</code>

  *         <td><code>12:08 PM</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>"hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz"</code>

  *         <td><code>12 o'clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>"K:mm a, z"</code>

  *         <td><code>0:08 PM, PDT</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>"yyyyy.MMMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa"</code>

  *         <td><code>02001.July.04 AD 12:08 PM</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>"EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z"</code>

  *         <td><code>Wed, 4 Jul 2001 12:08:56 -0700</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>"yyMMddHHmmssZ"</code>

  *         <td><code>010704120856-0700</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"</code>

  *         <td><code>2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-0700</code>

  *     <tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">

  *         <td><code>"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX"</code>

  *         <td><code>2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-07:00</code>

  *     <tr>

  *         <td><code>"YYYY-'W'ww-u"</code>

  *         <td><code>2001-W27-3</code>

  * </table>

  * </blockquote>

  *

  * <h4><a name="synchronization">Synchronization</a></h4>

  *

  * <p>

  * Date formats are not synchronized.

  * It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.

  * If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized

  * externally.

  *

  * @see          <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/i18n/format/simpleDateFormat.html">Java Tutorial</a>

  * @see          java.util.Calendar

  * @see          java.util.TimeZone

  * @see          DateFormat

  * @see          DateFormatSymbols

  * @author       Mark Davis, Chen-Lieh Huang, Alan Liu

  */

 public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {

     // the official serial version ID which says cryptically

     // which version we're compatible with

     static final long serialVersionUID = 4774881970558875024L;

     // the internal serial version which says which version was written

     // - 0 (default) for version up to JDK 1.1.3

     // - 1 for version from JDK 1.1.4, which includes a new field

     static final int currentSerialVersion = 1;

     /**

      * The version of the serialized data on the stream.  Possible values:

      * <ul>

      * <li><b>0</b> or not present on stream: JDK 1.1.3.  This version

      * has no <code>defaultCenturyStart</code> on stream.

      * <li><b>1</b> JDK 1.1.4 or later.  This version adds

      * <code>defaultCenturyStart</code>.

      * </ul>

      * When streaming out this class, the most recent format

      * and the highest allowable <code>serialVersionOnStream</code>

      * is written.

      * @serial

      * @since JDK1.1.4

      */

     private int serialVersionOnStream = currentSerialVersion;

     /**

      * The pattern string of this formatter.  This is always a non-localized

      * pattern.  May not be null.  See class documentation for details.

      * @serial

      */

     private String pattern;

     /**

      * Saved numberFormat and pattern.

      * @see SimpleDateFormat#checkNegativeNumberExpression

      */

     transient private NumberFormat originalNumberFormat;

     transient private String originalNumberPattern;

     /**

      * The minus sign to be used with format and parse.

      */

     transient private char minusSign = '-';

     /**

      * True when a negative sign follows a number.

      * (True as default in Arabic.)

      */

     transient private boolean hasFollowingMinusSign = false;

     /**

      * The compiled pattern.

      */

     transient private char[] compiledPattern;

     /**

      * Tags for the compiled pattern.

      */

     private final static int TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR       = 100;

     private final static int TAG_QUOTE_CHARS            = 101;

     /**

      * Locale dependent digit zero.

      * @see #zeroPaddingNumber

      * @see java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getZeroDigit

      */

     transient private char zeroDigit;

     /**

      * The symbols used by this formatter for week names, month names,

      * etc.  May not be null.

      * @serial

      * @see java.text.DateFormatSymbols

      */

     private DateFormatSymbols formatData;

     /**

      * We map dates with two-digit years into the century starting at

      * <code>defaultCenturyStart</code>, which may be any date.  May

      * not be null.

      * @serial

      * @since JDK1.1.4

      */

     private Date defaultCenturyStart;

     transient private int defaultCenturyStartYear;

     private static final int MILLIS_PER_MINUTE = 60 * 1000;

     // For time zones that have no names, use strings GMT+minutes and

     // GMT-minutes. For instance, in France the time zone is GMT+60.

     private static final String GMT = "GMT";

     /**

      * Cache to hold the DateTimePatterns of a Locale.

      */

     private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, String[]> cachedLocaleData

         = new ConcurrentHashMap<Locale, String[]>(3);

     /**

      * Cache NumberFormat instances with Locale key.

      */

     private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, NumberFormat> cachedNumberFormatData

         = new ConcurrentHashMap<Locale, NumberFormat>(3);

     /**

      * The Locale used to instantiate this

      * <code>SimpleDateFormat</code>. The value may be null if this object

      * has been created by an older <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> and

      * deserialized.

      *

      * @serial

      * @since 1.6

      */

     private Locale locale;

     /**

      * Indicates whether this <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> should use

      * the DateFormatSymbols. If true, the format and parse methods

      * use the DateFormatSymbols values. If false, the format and

      * parse methods call Calendar.getDisplayName or

      * Calendar.getDisplayNames.

      */

     transient boolean useDateFormatSymbols;

     /**

      * Constructs a <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> using the default pattern and

      * date format symbols for the default locale.

      * <b>Note:</b> This constructor may not support all locales.

      * For full coverage, use the factory methods in the {@link DateFormat}

      * class.

      */

     public SimpleDateFormat() {

         this(SHORT, SHORT, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));

     }

     /**

      * Constructs a <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> using the given pattern and

      * the default date format symbols for the default locale.

      * <b>Note:</b> This constructor may not support all locales.

      * For full coverage, use the factory methods in the {@link DateFormat}

      * class.

      *

      * @param pattern the pattern describing the date and time format

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern is null

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid

      */

     public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern)

     {

         this(pattern, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));

     }

     /**

      * Constructs a <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> using the given pattern and

      * the default date format symbols for the given locale.

      * <b>Note:</b> This constructor may not support all locales.

      * For full coverage, use the factory methods in the {@link DateFormat}

      * class.

      *

      * @param pattern the pattern describing the date and time format

      * @param locale the locale whose date format symbols should be used

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern or locale is null

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid

      */

     public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, Locale locale)

     {

         if (pattern == null || locale == null) {

             throw new NullPointerException();

         }

         initializeCalendar(locale);

         this.pattern = pattern;

         this.formatData = DateFormatSymbols.getInstanceRef(locale);

         this.locale = locale;

         initialize(locale);

     }

     /**

      * Constructs a <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> using the given pattern and

      * date format symbols.

      *

      * @param pattern the pattern describing the date and time format

      * @param formatSymbols the date format symbols to be used for formatting

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern or formatSymbols is null

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid

      */

     public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, DateFormatSymbols formatSymbols)

     {

         if (pattern == null || formatSymbols == null) {

             throw new NullPointerException();

         }

         this.pattern = pattern;

         this.formatData = (DateFormatSymbols) formatSymbols.clone();

         this.locale = Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT);

         initializeCalendar(this.locale);

         initialize(this.locale);

         useDateFormatSymbols = true;

     }

     /* Package-private, called by DateFormat factory methods */

     SimpleDateFormat(int timeStyle, int dateStyle, Locale loc) {

         if (loc == null) {

             throw new NullPointerException();

         }

         this.locale = loc;

         // initialize calendar and related fields

         initializeCalendar(loc);

         /* try the cache first */

         String[] dateTimePatterns = cachedLocaleData.get(loc);

         if (dateTimePatterns == null) { /* cache miss */

             ResourceBundle r = null; // LocaleData.getDateFormatData(loc);

             if (!isGregorianCalendar()) {

                 try {

                     dateTimePatterns = r.getStringArray(getCalendarName() + ".DateTimePatterns");

                 } catch (MissingResourceException e) {

                 }

             }

             if (dateTimePatterns == null) {

                 dateTimePatterns = r.getStringArray("DateTimePatterns");

             }

             /* update cache */

             cachedLocaleData.putIfAbsent(loc, dateTimePatterns);

         }

         formatData = DateFormatSymbols.getInstanceRef(loc);

         if ((timeStyle >= 0) && (dateStyle >= 0)) {

             Object[] dateTimeArgs = {dateTimePatterns[timeStyle],

                                      dateTimePatterns[dateStyle + 4]};

             pattern = MessageFormat.format(dateTimePatterns[8], dateTimeArgs);

         }

         else if (timeStyle >= 0) {

             pattern = dateTimePatterns[timeStyle];

         }

         else if (dateStyle >= 0) {

             pattern = dateTimePatterns[dateStyle + 4];

         }

         else {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("No date or time style specified");

         }

         initialize(loc);

     }

     /* Initialize compiledPattern and numberFormat fields */

     private void initialize(Locale loc) {

         // Verify and compile the given pattern.

         compiledPattern = compile(pattern);

         /* try the cache first */

         numberFormat = cachedNumberFormatData.get(loc);

         if (numberFormat == null) { /* cache miss */

             numberFormat = NumberFormat.getIntegerInstance(loc);

             numberFormat.setGroupingUsed(false);

             /* update cache */

             cachedNumberFormatData.putIfAbsent(loc, numberFormat);

         }

         numberFormat = (NumberFormat) numberFormat.clone();

         initializeDefaultCentury();

     }

     private void initializeCalendar(Locale loc) {

         if (calendar == null) {

             assert loc != null;

             // The format object must be constructed using the symbols for this zone.

             // However, the calendar should use the current default TimeZone.

             // If this is not contained in the locale zone strings, then the zone

             // will be formatted using generic GMT+/-H:MM nomenclature.

             calendar = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getDefault(), loc);

         }

     }

     /**

      * Returns the compiled form of the given pattern. The syntax of

      * the compiled pattern is:

      * <blockquote>

      * CompiledPattern:

      *     EntryList

      * EntryList:

      *     Entry

      *     EntryList Entry

      * Entry:

      *     TagField

      *     TagField data

      * TagField:

      *     Tag Length

      *     TaggedData

      * Tag:

      *     pattern_char_index

      *     TAG_QUOTE_CHARS

      * Length:

      *     short_length

      *     long_length

      * TaggedData:

      *     TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR ascii_char

      *

      * </blockquote>

      *

      * where `short_length' is an 8-bit unsigned integer between 0 and

      * 254.  `long_length' is a sequence of an 8-bit integer 255 and a

      * 32-bit signed integer value which is split into upper and lower

      * 16-bit fields in two char's. `pattern_char_index' is an 8-bit

      * integer between 0 and 18. `ascii_char' is an 7-bit ASCII

      * character value. `data' depends on its Tag value.

      * <p>

      * If Length is short_length, Tag and short_length are packed in a

      * single char, as illustrated below.

      * <blockquote>

      *     char[0] = (Tag << 8) | short_length;

      * </blockquote>

      *

      * If Length is long_length, Tag and 255 are packed in the first

      * char and a 32-bit integer, as illustrated below.

      * <blockquote>

      *     char[0] = (Tag << 8) | 255;

      *     char[1] = (char) (long_length >>> 16);

      *     char[2] = (char) (long_length & 0xffff);

      * </blockquote>

      * <p>

      * If Tag is a pattern_char_index, its Length is the number of

      * pattern characters. For example, if the given pattern is

      * "yyyy", Tag is 1 and Length is 4, followed by no data.

      * <p>

      * If Tag is TAG_QUOTE_CHARS, its Length is the number of char's

      * following the TagField. For example, if the given pattern is

      * "'o''clock'", Length is 7 followed by a char sequence of

      * <code>o&nbs;'&nbs;c&nbs;l&nbs;o&nbs;c&nbs;k</code>.

      * <p>

      * TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR is a special tag and has an ASCII

      * character in place of Length. For example, if the given pattern

      * is "'o'", the TaggedData entry is

      * <code>((TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR&nbs;<<&nbs;8)&nbs;|&nbs;'o')</code>.

      *

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern is null

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid

      */

     private char[] compile(String pattern) {

         int length = pattern.length();

         boolean inQuote = false;

         StringBuilder compiledPattern = new StringBuilder(length * 2);

         StringBuilder tmpBuffer = null;

         int count = 0;

         int lastTag = -1;

         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {

             char c = pattern.charAt(i);

             if (c == '\'') {

                 // '' is treated as a single quote regardless of being

                 // in a quoted section.

                 if ((i + 1) < length) {

                     c = pattern.charAt(i + 1);

                     if (c == '\'') {

                         i++;

                         if (count != 0) {

                             encode(lastTag, count, compiledPattern);

                             lastTag = -1;

                             count = 0;

                         }

                         if (inQuote) {

                             tmpBuffer.append(c);

                         } else {

                             compiledPattern.append((char)(TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR << 8 | c));

                         }

                         continue;

                     }

                 }

                 if (!inQuote) {

                     if (count != 0) {

                         encode(lastTag, count, compiledPattern);

                         lastTag = -1;

                         count = 0;

                     }

                     if (tmpBuffer == null) {

                         tmpBuffer = new StringBuilder(length);

                     } else {

                         tmpBuffer.setLength(0);

                     }

                     inQuote = true;

                 } else {

                     int len = tmpBuffer.length();

                     if (len == 1) {

                         char ch = tmpBuffer.charAt(0);

                         if (ch < 128) {

                             compiledPattern.append((char)(TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR << 8 | ch));

                         } else {

                             compiledPattern.append((char)(TAG_QUOTE_CHARS << 8 | 1));

                             compiledPattern.append(ch);

                         }

                     } else {

                         encode(TAG_QUOTE_CHARS, len, compiledPattern);

                         compiledPattern.append(tmpBuffer);

                     }

                     inQuote = false;

                 }

                 continue;

             }

             if (inQuote) {

                 tmpBuffer.append(c);

                 continue;

             }

             if (!(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) {

                 if (count != 0) {

                     encode(lastTag, count, compiledPattern);

                     lastTag = -1;

                     count = 0;

                 }

                 if (c < 128) {

                     // In most cases, c would be a delimiter, such as ':'.

                     compiledPattern.append((char)(TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR << 8 | c));

                 } else {

                     // Take any contiguous non-ASCII alphabet characters and

                     // put them in a single TAG_QUOTE_CHARS.

                     int j;

                     for (j = i + 1; j < length; j++) {

                         char d = pattern.charAt(j);

                         if (d == '\'' || (d >= 'a' && d <= 'z' || d >= 'A' && d <= 'Z')) {

                             break;

                         }

                     }

                     compiledPattern.append((char)(TAG_QUOTE_CHARS << 8 | (j - i)));

                     for (; i < j; i++) {

                         compiledPattern.append(pattern.charAt(i));

                     }

                     i--;

                 }

                 continue;

             }

             int tag;

             if ((tag = DateFormatSymbols.patternChars.indexOf(c)) == -1) {

                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal pattern character " +

                                                    "'" + c + "'");

             }

             if (lastTag == -1 || lastTag == tag) {

                 lastTag = tag;

                 count++;

                 continue;

             }

             encode(lastTag, count, compiledPattern);

             lastTag = tag;

             count = 1;

         }

         if (inQuote) {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unterminated quote");

         }

         if (count != 0) {

             encode(lastTag, count, compiledPattern);

         }

         // Copy the compiled pattern to a char array

         int len = compiledPattern.length();

         char[] r = new char[len];

         compiledPattern.getChars(0, len, r, 0);

         return r;

     }

     /**

      * Encodes the given tag and length and puts encoded char(s) into buffer.

      */

     private static final void encode(int tag, int length, StringBuilder buffer) {

         if (tag == PATTERN_ISO_ZONE && length >= 4) {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid ISO 8601 format: length=" + length);

         }

         if (length < 255) {

             buffer.append((char)(tag << 8 | length));

         } else {

             buffer.append((char)((tag << 8) | 0xff));

             buffer.append((char)(length >>> 16));

             buffer.append((char)(length & 0xffff));

         }

     }

     /* Initialize the fields we use to disambiguate ambiguous years. Separate

      * so we can call it from readObject().

      */

     private void initializeDefaultCentury() {

         calendar.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());

         calendar.add( Calendar.YEAR, -80 );

         parseAmbiguousDatesAsAfter(calendar.getTime());

     }

     /* Define one-century window into which to disambiguate dates using

      * two-digit years.

      */

     private void parseAmbiguousDatesAsAfter(Date startDate) {

         defaultCenturyStart = startDate;

         calendar.setTime(startDate);

         defaultCenturyStartYear = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);

     }

     /**

      * Sets the 100-year period 2-digit years will be interpreted as being in

      * to begin on the date the user specifies.

      *

      * @param startDate During parsing, two digit years will be placed in the range

      * <code>startDate</code> to <code>startDate + 100 years</code>.

      * @see #get2DigitYearStart

      * @since 1.2

      */

     public void set2DigitYearStart(Date startDate) {

         parseAmbiguousDatesAsAfter(new Date(startDate.getTime()));

     }

     /**

      * Returns the beginning date of the 100-year period 2-digit years are interpreted

      * as being within.

      *

      * @return the start of the 100-year period into which two digit years are

      * parsed

      * @see #set2DigitYearStart

      * @since 1.2

      */

     public Date get2DigitYearStart() {

         return (Date) defaultCenturyStart.clone();

     }

     /**

      * Formats the given <code>Date</code> into a date/time string and appends

      * the result to the given <code>StringBuffer</code>.

      *

      * @param date the date-time value to be formatted into a date-time string.

      * @param toAppendTo where the new date-time text is to be appended.

      * @param pos the formatting position. On input: an alignment field,

      * if desired. On output: the offsets of the alignment field.

      * @return the formatted date-time string.

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given {@code date} is {@code null}.

      */

     public StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo,

                                FieldPosition pos)

     {

         pos.beginIndex = pos.endIndex = 0;

         return format(date, toAppendTo, pos.getFieldDelegate());

     }

     // Called from Format after creating a FieldDelegate

     private StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo,

                                 FieldDelegate delegate) {

         // Convert input date to time field list

         calendar.setTime(date);

         boolean useDateFormatSymbols = useDateFormatSymbols();

         for (int i = 0; i < compiledPattern.length; ) {

             int tag = compiledPattern[i] >>> 8;

             int count = compiledPattern[i++] & 0xff;

             if (count == 255) {

                 count = compiledPattern[i++] << 16;

                 count |= compiledPattern[i++];

             }

             switch (tag) {

             case TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR:

                 toAppendTo.append((char)count);

                 break;

             case TAG_QUOTE_CHARS:

                 toAppendTo.append(compiledPattern, i, count);

                 i += count;

                 break;

             default:

                 subFormat(tag, count, delegate, toAppendTo, useDateFormatSymbols);

                 break;

             }

         }

         return toAppendTo;

     }

     /**

      * Formats an Object producing an <code>AttributedCharacterIterator</code>.

      * You can use the returned <code>AttributedCharacterIterator</code>

      * to build the resulting String, as well as to determine information

      * about the resulting String.

      * <p>

      * Each attribute key of the AttributedCharacterIterator will be of type

      * <code>DateFormat.Field</code>, with the corresponding attribute value

      * being the same as the attribute key.

      *

      * @exception NullPointerException if obj is null.

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the Format cannot format the

      *            given object, or if the Format's pattern string is invalid.

      * @param obj The object to format

      * @return AttributedCharacterIterator describing the formatted value.

      * @since 1.4

      */

     public AttributedCharacterIterator formatToCharacterIterator(Object obj) {

         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

         CharacterIteratorFieldDelegate delegate = new

                          CharacterIteratorFieldDelegate();

         if (obj instanceof Date) {

             format((Date)obj, sb, delegate);

         }

         else if (obj instanceof Number) {

             format(new Date(((Number)obj).longValue()), sb, delegate);

         }

         else if (obj == null) {

             throw new NullPointerException(

                    "formatToCharacterIterator must be passed non-null object");

         }

         else {

             throw new IllegalArgumentException(

                              "Cannot format given Object as a Date");

         }

         return delegate.getIterator(sb.toString());

     }

     // Map index into pattern character string to Calendar field number

     private static final int[] PATTERN_INDEX_TO_CALENDAR_FIELD =

     {

         Calendar.ERA, Calendar.YEAR, Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.DATE,

         Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, Calendar.MINUTE,

         Calendar.SECOND, Calendar.MILLISECOND, Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK,

         Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR, Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH,

         Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR, Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH,

         Calendar.AM_PM, Calendar.HOUR, Calendar.HOUR, Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET,

         Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET,

         // Pseudo Calendar fields

         CalendarBuilder.WEEK_YEAR,

         CalendarBuilder.ISO_DAY_OF_WEEK,

         Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET

     };

     // Map index into pattern character string to DateFormat field number

     private static final int[] PATTERN_INDEX_TO_DATE_FORMAT_FIELD = {

         DateFormat.ERA_FIELD, DateFormat.YEAR_FIELD, DateFormat.MONTH_FIELD,

         DateFormat.DATE_FIELD, DateFormat.HOUR_OF_DAY1_FIELD,

         DateFormat.HOUR_OF_DAY0_FIELD, DateFormat.MINUTE_FIELD,

         DateFormat.SECOND_FIELD, DateFormat.MILLISECOND_FIELD,

         DateFormat.DAY_OF_WEEK_FIELD, DateFormat.DAY_OF_YEAR_FIELD,

         DateFormat.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH_FIELD, DateFormat.WEEK_OF_YEAR_FIELD,

         DateFormat.WEEK_OF_MONTH_FIELD, DateFormat.AM_PM_FIELD,

         DateFormat.HOUR1_FIELD, DateFormat.HOUR0_FIELD,

         DateFormat.TIMEZONE_FIELD, DateFormat.TIMEZONE_FIELD,

         DateFormat.YEAR_FIELD, DateFormat.DAY_OF_WEEK_FIELD,

         DateFormat.TIMEZONE_FIELD

     };

     // Maps from DecimalFormatSymbols index to Field constant

     private static final Field[] PATTERN_INDEX_TO_DATE_FORMAT_FIELD_ID = {

         Field.ERA, Field.YEAR, Field.MONTH, Field.DAY_OF_MONTH,

         Field.HOUR_OF_DAY1, Field.HOUR_OF_DAY0, Field.MINUTE,

         Field.SECOND, Field.MILLISECOND, Field.DAY_OF_WEEK,

         Field.DAY_OF_YEAR, Field.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH,

         Field.WEEK_OF_YEAR, Field.WEEK_OF_MONTH,

         Field.AM_PM, Field.HOUR1, Field.HOUR0, Field.TIME_ZONE,

         Field.TIME_ZONE,

         Field.YEAR, Field.DAY_OF_WEEK,

         Field.TIME_ZONE

     };

     /**

      * Private member function that does the real date/time formatting.

      */

     private void subFormat(int patternCharIndex, int count,

                            FieldDelegate delegate, StringBuffer buffer,

                            boolean useDateFormatSymbols)

     {

         int     maxIntCount = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

         String  current = null;

         int     beginOffset = buffer.length();

         int field = PATTERN_INDEX_TO_CALENDAR_FIELD[patternCharIndex];

         int value;

         if (field == CalendarBuilder.WEEK_YEAR) {

             if (calendar.isWeekDateSupported()) {

                 value = calendar.getWeekYear();

             } else {

                 // use calendar year 'y' instead

                 patternCharIndex = PATTERN_YEAR;

                 field = PATTERN_INDEX_TO_CALENDAR_FIELD[patternCharIndex];

                 value = calendar.get(field);

             }

         } else if (field == CalendarBuilder.ISO_DAY_OF_WEEK) {

             value = CalendarBuilder.toISODayOfWeek(calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));

         } else {

             value = calendar.get(field);

         }

         int style = (count >= 4) ? Calendar.LONG : Calendar.SHORT;

         if (!useDateFormatSymbols && field != CalendarBuilder.ISO_DAY_OF_WEEK) {

             current = calendar.getDisplayName(field, style, locale);

         }

         // Note: zeroPaddingNumber() assumes that maxDigits is either

         // 2 or maxIntCount. If we make any changes to this,

         // zeroPaddingNumber() must be fixed.

         switch (patternCharIndex) {

         case PATTERN_ERA: // 'G'

             if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                 String[] eras = formatData.getEras();

                 if (value < eras.length)

                     current = eras[value];

             }

             if (current == null)

                 current = "";

             break;

         case PATTERN_WEEK_YEAR: // 'Y'

         case PATTERN_YEAR:      // 'y'

             if (calendar instanceof GregorianCalendar) {

                 if (count != 2)

                     zeroPaddingNumber(value, count, maxIntCount, buffer);

                 else // count == 2

                     zeroPaddingNumber(value, 2, 2, buffer); // clip 1996 to 96

             } else {

                 if (current == null) {

                     zeroPaddingNumber(value, style == Calendar.LONG ? 1 : count,

                                       maxIntCount, buffer);

                 }

             }

             break;

         case PATTERN_MONTH: // 'M'

             if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                 String[] months;

                 if (count >= 4) {

                     months = formatData.getMonths();

                     current = months[value];

                 } else if (count == 3) {

                     months = formatData.getShortMonths();

                     current = months[value];

                 }

             } else {

                 if (count < 3) {

                     current = null;

                 }

             }

             if (current == null) {

                 zeroPaddingNumber(value+1, count, maxIntCount, buffer);

             }

             break;

         case PATTERN_HOUR_OF_DAY1: // 'k' 1-based.  eg, 23:59 + 1 hour =>> 24:59

             if (current == null) {

                 if (value == 0)

                     zeroPaddingNumber(calendar.getMaximum(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY)+1,

                                       count, maxIntCount, buffer);

                 else

                     zeroPaddingNumber(value, count, maxIntCount, buffer);

             }

             break;

         case PATTERN_DAY_OF_WEEK: // 'E'

             if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                 String[] weekdays;

                 if (count >= 4) {

                     weekdays = formatData.getWeekdays();

                     current = weekdays[value];

                 } else { // count < 4, use abbreviated form if exists

                     weekdays = formatData.getShortWeekdays();

                     current = weekdays[value];

                 }

             }

             break;

         case PATTERN_AM_PM:    // 'a'

             if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                 String[] ampm = formatData.getAmPmStrings();

                 current = ampm[value];

             }

             break;

         case PATTERN_HOUR1:    // 'h' 1-based.  eg, 11PM + 1 hour =>> 12 AM

             if (current == null) {

                 if (value == 0)

                     zeroPaddingNumber(calendar.getLeastMaximum(Calendar.HOUR)+1,

                                       count, maxIntCount, buffer);

                 else

                     zeroPaddingNumber(value, count, maxIntCount, buffer);

             }

             break;

         case PATTERN_ZONE_NAME: // 'z'

             if (current == null) {

                 if (formatData.locale == null || formatData.isZoneStringsSet) {

                     int zoneIndex =

                         formatData.getZoneIndex(calendar.getTimeZone().getID());

                     if (zoneIndex == -1) {

                         value = calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) +

                             calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET);

 //                        buffer.append(ZoneInfoFile.toCustomID(value));

                     } else {

                         int index = (calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET) == 0) ? 1: 3;

                         if (count < 4) {

                             // Use the short name

                             index++;

                         }

                         String[][] zoneStrings = formatData.getZoneStringsWrapper();

                         buffer.append(zoneStrings[zoneIndex][index]);

                     }

                 } else {

                     TimeZone tz = calendar.getTimeZone();

                     boolean daylight = (calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET) != 0);

                     int tzstyle = (count < 4 ? TimeZone.SHORT : TimeZone.LONG);

                     buffer.append(tz.getDisplayName(daylight, tzstyle, formatData.locale));

                 }

             }

             break;

         case PATTERN_ZONE_VALUE: // 'Z' ("-/+hhmm" form)

             value = (calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) +

                      calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)) / 60000;

             int width = 4;

             if (value >= 0) {

                 buffer.append('+');

             } else {

                 width++;

             }

             int num = (value / 60) * 100 + (value % 60);

 //            CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(buffer, num, width);

             break;

         case PATTERN_ISO_ZONE:   // 'X'

             value = calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET)

                     + calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET);

             if (value == 0) {

                 buffer.append('Z');

                 break;

             }

             value /=  60000;

             if (value >= 0) {

                 buffer.append('+');

             } else {

                 buffer.append('-');

                 value = -value;

             }

 //            CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(buffer, value / 60, 2);

             if (count == 1) {

                 break;

             }

             if (count == 3) {

                 buffer.append(':');

             }

 //            CalendarUtils.sprintf0d(buffer, value % 60, 2);

             break;

         default:

      // case PATTERN_DAY_OF_MONTH:         // 'd'

      // case PATTERN_HOUR_OF_DAY0:         // 'H' 0-based.  eg, 23:59 + 1 hour =>> 00:59

      // case PATTERN_MINUTE:               // 'm'

      // case PATTERN_SECOND:               // 's'

      // case PATTERN_MILLISECOND:          // 'S'

      // case PATTERN_DAY_OF_YEAR:          // 'D'

      // case PATTERN_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH: // 'F'

      // case PATTERN_WEEK_OF_YEAR:         // 'w'

      // case PATTERN_WEEK_OF_MONTH:        // 'W'

      // case PATTERN_HOUR0:                // 'K' eg, 11PM + 1 hour =>> 0 AM

      // case PATTERN_ISO_DAY_OF_WEEK:      // 'u' pseudo field, Monday = 1, ..., Sunday = 7

             if (current == null) {

                 zeroPaddingNumber(value, count, maxIntCount, buffer);

             }

             break;

         } // switch (patternCharIndex)

         if (current != null) {

             buffer.append(current);

         }

         int fieldID = PATTERN_INDEX_TO_DATE_FORMAT_FIELD[patternCharIndex];

         Field f = PATTERN_INDEX_TO_DATE_FORMAT_FIELD_ID[patternCharIndex];

         delegate.formatted(fieldID, f, f, beginOffset, buffer.length(), buffer);

     }

     /**

      * Formats a number with the specified minimum and maximum number of digits.

      */

     private final void zeroPaddingNumber(int value, int minDigits, int maxDigits, StringBuffer buffer)

     {

         // Optimization for 1, 2 and 4 digit numbers. This should

         // cover most cases of formatting date/time related items.

         // Note: This optimization code assumes that maxDigits is

         // either 2 or Integer.MAX_VALUE (maxIntCount in format()).

         try {

             if (zeroDigit == 0) {

                 zeroDigit = ((DecimalFormat)numberFormat).getDecimalFormatSymbols().getZeroDigit();

             }

             if (value >= 0) {

                 if (value < 100 && minDigits >= 1 && minDigits <= 2) {

                     if (value < 10) {

                         if (minDigits == 2) {

                             buffer.append(zeroDigit);

                         }

                         buffer.append((char)(zeroDigit + value));

                     } else {

                         buffer.append((char)(zeroDigit + value / 10));

                         buffer.append((char)(zeroDigit + value % 10));

                     }

                     return;

                 } else if (value >= 1000 && value < 10000) {

                     if (minDigits == 4) {

                         buffer.append((char)(zeroDigit + value / 1000));

                         value %= 1000;

                         buffer.append((char)(zeroDigit + value / 100));

                         value %= 100;

                         buffer.append((char)(zeroDigit + value / 10));

                         buffer.append((char)(zeroDigit + value % 10));

                         return;

                     }

                     if (minDigits == 2 && maxDigits == 2) {

                         zeroPaddingNumber(value % 100, 2, 2, buffer);

                         return;

                     }

                 }

             }

         } catch (Exception e) {

         }

         numberFormat.setMinimumIntegerDigits(minDigits);

         numberFormat.setMaximumIntegerDigits(maxDigits);

         numberFormat.format((long)value, buffer, DontCareFieldPosition.INSTANCE);

     }

     /**

      * Parses text from a string to produce a <code>Date</code>.

      * <p>

      * The method attempts to parse text starting at the index given by

      * <code>pos</code>.

      * If parsing succeeds, then the index of <code>pos</code> is updated

      * to the index after the last character used (parsing does not necessarily

      * use all characters up to the end of the string), and the parsed

      * date is returned. The updated <code>pos</code> can be used to

      * indicate the starting point for the next call to this method.

      * If an error occurs, then the index of <code>pos</code> is not

      * changed, the error index of <code>pos</code> is set to the index of

      * the character where the error occurred, and null is returned.

      *

      * <p>This parsing operation uses the {@link DateFormat#calendar

      * calendar} to produce a {@code Date}. All of the {@code

      * calendar}'s date-time fields are {@linkplain Calendar#clear()

      * cleared} before parsing, and the {@code calendar}'s default

      * values of the date-time fields are used for any missing

      * date-time information. For example, the year value of the

      * parsed {@code Date} is 1970 with {@link GregorianCalendar} if

      * no year value is given from the parsing operation.  The {@code

      * TimeZone} value may be overwritten, depending on the given

      * pattern and the time zone value in {@code text}. Any {@code

      * TimeZone} value that has previously been set by a call to

      * {@link #setTimeZone(java.util.TimeZone) setTimeZone} may need

      * to be restored for further operations.

      *

      * @param text  A <code>String</code>, part of which should be parsed.

      * @param pos   A <code>ParsePosition</code> object with index and error

      *              index information as described above.

      * @return A <code>Date</code> parsed from the string. In case of

      *         error, returns null.

      * @exception NullPointerException if <code>text</code> or <code>pos</code> is null.

      */

     public Date parse(String text, ParsePosition pos)

     {

         checkNegativeNumberExpression();

         int start = pos.index;

         int oldStart = start;

         int textLength = text.length();

         boolean[] ambiguousYear = {false};

         CalendarBuilder calb = new CalendarBuilder();

         for (int i = 0; i < compiledPattern.length; ) {

             int tag = compiledPattern[i] >>> 8;

             int count = compiledPattern[i++] & 0xff;

             if (count == 255) {

                 count = compiledPattern[i++] << 16;

                 count |= compiledPattern[i++];

             }

             switch (tag) {

             case TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR:

                 if (start >= textLength || text.charAt(start) != (char)count) {

                     pos.index = oldStart;

                     pos.errorIndex = start;

                     return null;

                 }

                 start++;

                 break;

             case TAG_QUOTE_CHARS:

                 while (count-- > 0) {

                     if (start >= textLength || text.charAt(start) != compiledPattern[i++]) {

                         pos.index = oldStart;

                         pos.errorIndex = start;

                         return null;

                     }

                     start++;

                 }

                 break;

             default:

                 // Peek the next pattern to determine if we need to

                 // obey the number of pattern letters for

                 // parsing. It's required when parsing contiguous

                 // digit text (e.g., "20010704") with a pattern which

                 // has no delimiters between fields, like "yyyyMMdd".

                 boolean obeyCount = false;

                 // In Arabic, a minus sign for a negative number is put after

                 // the number. Even in another locale, a minus sign can be

                 // put after a number using DateFormat.setNumberFormat().

                 // If both the minus sign and the field-delimiter are '-',

                 // subParse() needs to determine whether a '-' after a number

                 // in the given text is a delimiter or is a minus sign for the

                 // preceding number. We give subParse() a clue based on the

                 // information in compiledPattern.

                 boolean useFollowingMinusSignAsDelimiter = false;

                 if (i < compiledPattern.length) {

                     int nextTag = compiledPattern[i] >>> 8;

                     if (!(nextTag == TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR ||

                           nextTag == TAG_QUOTE_CHARS)) {

                         obeyCount = true;

                     }

                     if (hasFollowingMinusSign &&

                         (nextTag == TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR ||

                          nextTag == TAG_QUOTE_CHARS)) {

                         int c;

                         if (nextTag == TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR) {

                             c = compiledPattern[i] & 0xff;

                         } else {

                             c = compiledPattern[i+1];

                         }

                         if (c == minusSign) {

                             useFollowingMinusSignAsDelimiter = true;

                         }

                     }

                 }

                 start = subParse(text, start, tag, count, obeyCount,

                                  ambiguousYear, pos,

                                  useFollowingMinusSignAsDelimiter, calb);

                 if (start < 0) {

                     pos.index = oldStart;

                     return null;

                 }

             }

         }

         // At this point the fields of Calendar have been set.  Calendar

         // will fill in default values for missing fields when the time

         // is computed.

         pos.index = start;

         Date parsedDate;

         try {

             parsedDate = calb.establish(calendar).getTime();

             // If the year value is ambiguous,

             // then the two-digit year == the default start year

             if (ambiguousYear[0]) {

                 if (parsedDate.before(defaultCenturyStart)) {

                     parsedDate = calb.addYear(100).establish(calendar).getTime();

                 }

             }

         }

         // An IllegalArgumentException will be thrown by Calendar.getTime()

         // if any fields are out of range, e.g., MONTH == 17.

         catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

             pos.errorIndex = start;

             pos.index = oldStart;

             return null;

         }

         return parsedDate;

     }

     /**

      * Private code-size reduction function used by subParse.

      * @param text the time text being parsed.

      * @param start where to start parsing.

      * @param field the date field being parsed.

      * @param data the string array to parsed.

      * @return the new start position if matching succeeded; a negative number

      * indicating matching failure, otherwise.

      */

     private int matchString(String text, int start, int field, String[] data, CalendarBuilder calb)

     {

         int i = 0;

         int count = data.length;

         if (field == Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) i = 1;

         // There may be multiple strings in the data[] array which begin with

         // the same prefix (e.g., Cerven and Cervenec (June and July) in Czech).

         // We keep track of the longest match, and return that.  Note that this

         // unfortunately requires us to test all array elements.

         int bestMatchLength = 0, bestMatch = -1;

         for (; i<count; ++i)

         {

             int length = data[i].length();

             // Always compare if we have no match yet; otherwise only compare

             // against potentially better matches (longer strings).

             if (length > bestMatchLength &&

                 text.regionMatches(true, start, data[i], 0, length))

             {

                 bestMatch = i;

                 bestMatchLength = length;

             }

         }

         if (bestMatch >= 0)

         {

             calb.set(field, bestMatch);

             return start + bestMatchLength;

         }

         return -start;

     }

     /**

      * Performs the same thing as matchString(String, int, int,

      * String[]). This method takes a Map<String, Integer> instead of

      * String[].

      */

     private int matchString(String text, int start, int field,

                             Map<String,Integer> data, CalendarBuilder calb) {

         if (data != null) {

             String bestMatch = null;

             for (String name : data.keySet()) {

                 int length = name.length();

                 if (bestMatch == null || length > bestMatch.length()) {

                     if (text.regionMatches(true, start, name, 0, length)) {

                         bestMatch = name;

                     }

                 }

             }

             if (bestMatch != null) {

                 calb.set(field, data.get(bestMatch));

                 return start + bestMatch.length();

             }

         }

         return -start;

     }

     private int matchZoneString(String text, int start, String[] zoneNames) {

         for (int i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {

             // Checking long and short zones [1 & 2],

             // and long and short daylight [3 & 4].

             String zoneName = zoneNames[i];

             if (text.regionMatches(true, start,

                                    zoneName, 0, zoneName.length())) {

                 return i;

             }

         }

         return -1;

     }

     private boolean matchDSTString(String text, int start, int zoneIndex, int standardIndex,

                                    String[][] zoneStrings) {

         int index = standardIndex + 2;

         String zoneName  = zoneStrings[zoneIndex][index];

         if (text.regionMatches(true, start,

                                zoneName, 0, zoneName.length())) {

             return true;

         }

         return false;

     }

     /**

      * find time zone 'text' matched zoneStrings and set to internal

      * calendar.

      */

     private int subParseZoneString(String text, int start, CalendarBuilder calb) {

         boolean useSameName = false; // true if standard and daylight time use the same abbreviation.

         TimeZone currentTimeZone = getTimeZone();

         // At this point, check for named time zones by looking through

         // the locale data from the TimeZoneNames strings.

         // Want to be able to parse both short and long forms.

         int zoneIndex = formatData.getZoneIndex(currentTimeZone.getID());

         TimeZone tz = null;

         String[][] zoneStrings = formatData.getZoneStringsWrapper();

         String[] zoneNames = null;

         int nameIndex = 0;

         if (zoneIndex != -1) {

             zoneNames = zoneStrings[zoneIndex];

             if ((nameIndex = matchZoneString(text, start, zoneNames)) > 0) {

                 if (nameIndex <= 2) {

                     // Check if the standard name (abbr) and the daylight name are the same.

                     useSameName = zoneNames[nameIndex].equalsIgnoreCase(zoneNames[nameIndex + 2]);

                 }

                 tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(zoneNames[0]);

             }

         }

         if (tz == null) {

             zoneIndex = formatData.getZoneIndex(TimeZone.getDefault().getID());

             if (zoneIndex != -1) {

                 zoneNames = zoneStrings[zoneIndex];

                 if ((nameIndex = matchZoneString(text, start, zoneNames)) > 0) {

                     if (nameIndex <= 2) {

                         useSameName = zoneNames[nameIndex].equalsIgnoreCase(zoneNames[nameIndex + 2]);

                     }

                     tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(zoneNames[0]);

                 }

             }

         }

         if (tz == null) {

             int len = zoneStrings.length;

             for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

                 zoneNames = zoneStrings[i];

                 if ((nameIndex = matchZoneString(text, start, zoneNames)) > 0) {

                     if (nameIndex <= 2) {

                         useSameName = zoneNames[nameIndex].equalsIgnoreCase(zoneNames[nameIndex + 2]);

                     }

                     tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(zoneNames[0]);

                     break;

                 }

             }

         }

         if (tz != null) { // Matched any ?

             if (!tz.equals(currentTimeZone)) {

                 setTimeZone(tz);

             }

             // If the time zone matched uses the same name

             // (abbreviation) for both standard and daylight time,

             // let the time zone in the Calendar decide which one.

             //

             // Also if tz.getDSTSaving() returns 0 for DST, use tz to

             // determine the local time. (6645292)

             int dstAmount = (nameIndex >= 3) ? tz.getDSTSavings() : 0;

             if (!(useSameName || (nameIndex >= 3 && dstAmount == 0))) {

                 calb.set(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET, tz.getRawOffset())

                     .set(Calendar.DST_OFFSET, dstAmount);

             }

             return (start + zoneNames[nameIndex].length());

         }

         return 0;

     }

     /**

      * Parses numeric forms of time zone offset, such as "hh:mm", and

      * sets calb to the parsed value.

      *

      * @param text  the text to be parsed

      * @param start the character position to start parsing

      * @param sign  1: positive; -1: negative

      * @param count 0: 'Z' or "GMT+hh:mm" parsing; 1 - 3: the number of 'X's

      * @param colon true - colon required between hh and mm; false - no colon required

      * @param calb  a CalendarBuilder in which the parsed value is stored

      * @return updated parsed position, or its negative value to indicate a parsing error

      */

     private int subParseNumericZone(String text, int start, int sign, int count,

                                     boolean colon, CalendarBuilder calb) {

         int index = start;

       parse:

         try {

             char c = text.charAt(index++);

             // Parse hh

             int hours;

             if (!isDigit(c)) {

                 break parse;

             }

             hours = c - '0';

             c = text.charAt(index++);

             if (isDigit(c)) {

                 hours = hours * 10 + (c - '0');

             } else {

                 // If no colon in RFC 822 or 'X' (ISO), two digits are

                 // required.

                 if (count > 0 || !colon) {

                     break parse;

                 }

                 --index;

             }

             if (hours > 23) {

                 break parse;

             }

             int minutes = 0;

             if (count != 1) {

                 // Proceed with parsing mm

                 c = text.charAt(index++);

                 if (colon) {

                     if (c != ':') {

                         break parse;

                     }

                     c = text.charAt(index++);

                 }

                 if (!isDigit(c)) {

                     break parse;

                 }

                 minutes = c - '0';

                 c = text.charAt(index++);

                 if (!isDigit(c)) {

                     break parse;

                 }

                 minutes = minutes * 10 + (c - '0');

                 if (minutes > 59) {

                     break parse;

                 }

             }

             minutes += hours * 60;

             calb.set(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET, minutes * MILLIS_PER_MINUTE * sign)

                 .set(Calendar.DST_OFFSET, 0);

             return index;

         } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

         }

         return  1 - index; // -(index - 1)

     }

     private boolean isDigit(char c) {

         return c >= '0' && c <= '9';

     }

     /**

      * Private member function that converts the parsed date strings into

      * timeFields. Returns -start (for ParsePosition) if failed.

      * @param text the time text to be parsed.

      * @param start where to start parsing.

      * @param ch the pattern character for the date field text to be parsed.

      * @param count the count of a pattern character.

      * @param obeyCount if true, then the next field directly abuts this one,

      * and we should use the count to know when to stop parsing.

      * @param ambiguousYear return parameter; upon return, if ambiguousYear[0]

      * is true, then a two-digit year was parsed and may need to be readjusted.

      * @param origPos origPos.errorIndex is used to return an error index

      * at which a parse error occurred, if matching failure occurs.

      * @return the new start position if matching succeeded; -1 indicating

      * matching failure, otherwise. In case matching failure occurred,

      * an error index is set to origPos.errorIndex.

      */

     private int subParse(String text, int start, int patternCharIndex, int count,

                          boolean obeyCount, boolean[] ambiguousYear,

                          ParsePosition origPos,

                          boolean useFollowingMinusSignAsDelimiter, CalendarBuilder calb) {

         Number number = null;

         int value = 0;

         ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);

         pos.index = start;

         if (patternCharIndex == PATTERN_WEEK_YEAR && !calendar.isWeekDateSupported()) {

             // use calendar year 'y' instead

             patternCharIndex = PATTERN_YEAR;

         }

         int field = PATTERN_INDEX_TO_CALENDAR_FIELD[patternCharIndex];

         // If there are any spaces here, skip over them.  If we hit the end

         // of the string, then fail.

         for (;;) {

             if (pos.index >= text.length()) {

                 origPos.errorIndex = start;

                 return -1;

             }

             char c = text.charAt(pos.index);

             if (c != ' ' && c != '\t') break;

             ++pos.index;

         }

       parsing:

         {

             // We handle a few special cases here where we need to parse

             // a number value.  We handle further, more generic cases below.  We need

             // to handle some of them here because some fields require extra processing on

             // the parsed value.

             if (patternCharIndex == PATTERN_HOUR_OF_DAY1 ||

                 patternCharIndex == PATTERN_HOUR1 ||

                 (patternCharIndex == PATTERN_MONTH && count <= 2) ||

                 patternCharIndex == PATTERN_YEAR ||

                 patternCharIndex == PATTERN_WEEK_YEAR) {

                 // It would be good to unify this with the obeyCount logic below,

                 // but that's going to be difficult.

                 if (obeyCount) {

                     if ((start+count) > text.length()) {

                         break parsing;

                     }

                     number = numberFormat.parse(text.substring(0, start+count), pos);

                 } else {

                     number = numberFormat.parse(text, pos);

                 }

                 if (number == null) {

                     if (patternCharIndex != PATTERN_YEAR || calendar instanceof GregorianCalendar) {

                         break parsing;

                     }

                 } else {

                     value = number.intValue();

                     if (useFollowingMinusSignAsDelimiter && (value < 0) &&

                         (((pos.index < text.length()) &&

                          (text.charAt(pos.index) != minusSign)) ||

                          ((pos.index == text.length()) &&

                           (text.charAt(pos.index-1) == minusSign)))) {

                         value = -value;

                         pos.index--;

                     }

                 }

             }

             boolean useDateFormatSymbols = useDateFormatSymbols();

             int index;

             switch (patternCharIndex) {

             case PATTERN_ERA: // 'G'

                 if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                     if ((index = matchString(text, start, Calendar.ERA, formatData.getEras(), calb)) > 0) {

                         return index;

                     }

                 } else {

                     Map<String, Integer> map = calendar.getDisplayNames(field,

                                                                         Calendar.ALL_STYLES,

                                                                         locale);

                     if ((index = matchString(text, start, field, map, calb)) > 0) {

                         return index;

                     }

                 }

                 break parsing;

             case PATTERN_WEEK_YEAR: // 'Y'

             case PATTERN_YEAR:      // 'y'

                 if (!(calendar instanceof GregorianCalendar)) {

                     // calendar might have text representations for year values,

                     // such as "\u5143" in JapaneseImperialCalendar.

                     int style = (count >= 4) ? Calendar.LONG : Calendar.SHORT;

                     Map<String, Integer> map = calendar.getDisplayNames(field, style, locale);

                     if (map != null) {

                         if ((index = matchString(text, start, field, map, calb)) > 0) {

                             return index;

                         }

                     }

                     calb.set(field, value);

                     return pos.index;

                 }

                 // If there are 3 or more YEAR pattern characters, this indicates

                 // that the year value is to be treated literally, without any

                 // two-digit year adjustments (e.g., from "01" to 2001).  Otherwise

                 // we made adjustments to place the 2-digit year in the proper

                 // century, for parsed strings from "00" to "99".  Any other string

                 // is treated literally:  "2250", "-1", "1", "002".

                 if (count <= 2 && (pos.index - start) == 2

                     && Character.isDigit(text.charAt(start))

                     && Character.isDigit(text.charAt(start+1))) {

                     // Assume for example that the defaultCenturyStart is 6/18/1903.

                     // This means that two-digit years will be forced into the range

                     // 6/18/1903 to 6/17/2003.  As a result, years 00, 01, and 02

                     // correspond to 2000, 2001, and 2002.  Years 04, 05, etc. correspond

                     // to 1904, 1905, etc.  If the year is 03, then it is 2003 if the

                     // other fields specify a date before 6/18, or 1903 if they specify a

                     // date afterwards.  As a result, 03 is an ambiguous year.  All other

                     // two-digit years are unambiguous.

                     int ambiguousTwoDigitYear = defaultCenturyStartYear % 100;

                     ambiguousYear[0] = value == ambiguousTwoDigitYear;

                     value += (defaultCenturyStartYear/100)*100 +

                         (value < ambiguousTwoDigitYear ? 100 : 0);

                 }

                 calb.set(field, value);

                 return pos.index;

             case PATTERN_MONTH: // 'M'

                 if (count <= 2) // i.e., M or MM.

                 {

                     // Don't want to parse the month if it is a string

                     // while pattern uses numeric style: M or MM.

                     // [We computed 'value' above.]

                     calb.set(Calendar.MONTH, value - 1);

                     return pos.index;

                 }

                 if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                     // count >= 3 // i.e., MMM or MMMM

                     // Want to be able to parse both short and long forms.

                     // Try count == 4 first:

                     int newStart = 0;

                     if ((newStart = matchString(text, start, Calendar.MONTH,

                                                 formatData.getMonths(), calb)) > 0) {

                         return newStart;

                     }

                     // count == 4 failed, now try count == 3

                     if ((index = matchString(text, start, Calendar.MONTH,

                                              formatData.getShortMonths(), calb)) > 0) {

                         return index;

                     }

                 } else {

                     Map<String, Integer> map = calendar.getDisplayNames(field,

                                                                         Calendar.ALL_STYLES,

                                                                         locale);

                     if ((index = matchString(text, start, field, map, calb)) > 0) {

                         return index;

                     }

                 }

                 break parsing;

             case PATTERN_HOUR_OF_DAY1: // 'k' 1-based.  eg, 23:59 + 1 hour =>> 24:59

                 if (!isLenient()) {

                     // Validate the hour value in non-lenient

                     if (value < 1 || value > 24) {

                         break parsing;

                     }

                 }

                 // [We computed 'value' above.]

                 if (value == calendar.getMaximum(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY)+1)

                     value = 0;

                 calb.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, value);

                 return pos.index;

             case PATTERN_DAY_OF_WEEK:  // 'E'

                 {

                     if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                         // Want to be able to parse both short and long forms.

                         // Try count == 4 (DDDD) first:

                         int newStart = 0;

                         if ((newStart=matchString(text, start, Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK,

                                                   formatData.getWeekdays(), calb)) > 0) {

                             return newStart;

                         }

                         // DDDD failed, now try DDD

                         if ((index = matchString(text, start, Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK,

                                                  formatData.getShortWeekdays(), calb)) > 0) {

                             return index;

                         }

                     } else {

                         int[] styles = { Calendar.LONG, Calendar.SHORT };

                         for (int style : styles) {

                             Map<String,Integer> map = calendar.getDisplayNames(field, style, locale);

                             if ((index = matchString(text, start, field, map, calb)) > 0) {

                                 return index;

                             }

                         }

                     }

                 }

                 break parsing;

             case PATTERN_AM_PM:    // 'a'

                 if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

                     if ((index = matchString(text, start, Calendar.AM_PM,

                                              formatData.getAmPmStrings(), calb)) > 0) {

                         return index;

                     }

                 } else {

                     Map<String,Integer> map = calendar.getDisplayNames(field, Calendar.ALL_STYLES, locale);

                     if ((index = matchString(text, start, field, map, calb)) > 0) {

                         return index;

                     }

                 }

                 break parsing;

             case PATTERN_HOUR1: // 'h' 1-based.  eg, 11PM + 1 hour =>> 12 AM

                 if (!isLenient()) {

                     // Validate the hour value in non-lenient

                     if (value < 1 || value > 12) {

                         break parsing;

                     }

                 }

                 // [We computed 'value' above.]

                 if (value == calendar.getLeastMaximum(Calendar.HOUR)+1)

                     value = 0;

                 calb.set(Calendar.HOUR, value);

                 return pos.index;

             case PATTERN_ZONE_NAME:  // 'z'

             case PATTERN_ZONE_VALUE: // 'Z'

                 {

                     int sign = 0;

                     try {

                         char c = text.charAt(pos.index);

                         if (c == '+') {

                             sign = 1;

                         } else if (c == '-') {

                             sign = -1;

                         }

                         if (sign == 0) {

                             // Try parsing a custom time zone "GMT+hh:mm" or "GMT".

                             if ((c == 'G' || c == 'g')

                                 && (text.length() - start) >= GMT.length()

                                 && text.regionMatches(true, start, GMT, 0, GMT.length())) {

                                 pos.index = start + GMT.length();

                                 if ((text.length() - pos.index) > 0) {

                                     c = text.charAt(pos.index);

                                     if (c == '+') {

                                         sign = 1;

                                     } else if (c == '-') {

                                         sign = -1;

                                     }

                                 }

                                 if (sign == 0) {    /* "GMT" without offset */

                                     calb.set(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET, 0)

                                         .set(Calendar.DST_OFFSET, 0);

                                     return pos.index;

                                 }

                                 // Parse the rest as "hh:mm"

                                 int i = subParseNumericZone(text, ++pos.index,

                                                             sign, 0, true, calb);

                                 if (i > 0) {

                                     return i;

                                 }

                                 pos.index = -i;

                             } else {

                                 // Try parsing the text as a time zone

                                 // name or abbreviation.

                                 int i = subParseZoneString(text, pos.index, calb);

                                 if (i > 0) {

                                     return i;

                                 }

                                 pos.index = -i;

                             }

                         } else {

                             // Parse the rest as "hhmm" (RFC 822)

                             int i = subParseNumericZone(text, ++pos.index,

                                                         sign, 0, false, calb);

                             if (i > 0) {

                                 return i;

                             }

                             pos.index = -i;

                         }

                     } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {

                     }

                 }

                 break parsing;

             case PATTERN_ISO_ZONE:   // 'X'

                 {

                     if ((text.length() - pos.index) <= 0) {

                         break parsing;

                     }

                     int sign = 0;

                     char c = text.charAt(pos.index);

                     if (c == 'Z') {

                         calb.set(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET, 0).set(Calendar.DST_OFFSET, 0);

                         return ++pos.index;

                     }

                     // parse text as "+/-hh[[:]mm]" based on count

                     if (c == '+') {

                         sign = 1;

                     } else if (c == '-') {

                         sign = -1;

                     } else {

                         ++pos.index;

                         break parsing;

                     }

                     int i = subParseNumericZone(text, ++pos.index, sign, count,

                                                 count == 3, calb);

                     if (i > 0) {

                         return i;

                     }

                     pos.index = -i;

                 }

                 break parsing;

             default:

          // case PATTERN_DAY_OF_MONTH:         // 'd'

          // case PATTERN_HOUR_OF_DAY0:         // 'H' 0-based.  eg, 23:59 + 1 hour =>> 00:59

          // case PATTERN_MINUTE:               // 'm'

          // case PATTERN_SECOND:               // 's'

          // case PATTERN_MILLISECOND:          // 'S'

          // case PATTERN_DAY_OF_YEAR:          // 'D'

          // case PATTERN_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH: // 'F'

          // case PATTERN_WEEK_OF_YEAR:         // 'w'

          // case PATTERN_WEEK_OF_MONTH:        // 'W'

          // case PATTERN_HOUR0:                // 'K' 0-based.  eg, 11PM + 1 hour =>> 0 AM

          // case PATTERN_ISO_DAY_OF_WEEK:      // 'u' (pseudo field);

                 // Handle "generic" fields

                 if (obeyCount) {

                     if ((start+count) > text.length()) {

                         break parsing;

                     }

                     number = numberFormat.parse(text.substring(0, start+count), pos);

                 } else {

                     number = numberFormat.parse(text, pos);

                 }

                 if (number != null) {

                     value = number.intValue();

                     if (useFollowingMinusSignAsDelimiter && (value < 0) &&

                         (((pos.index < text.length()) &&

                          (text.charAt(pos.index) != minusSign)) ||

                          ((pos.index == text.length()) &&

                           (text.charAt(pos.index-1) == minusSign)))) {

                         value = -value;

                         pos.index--;

                     }

                     calb.set(field, value);

                     return pos.index;

                 }

                 break parsing;

             }

         }

         // Parsing failed.

         origPos.errorIndex = pos.index;

         return -1;

     }

     private final String getCalendarName() {

         return calendar.getClass().getName();

     }

     private boolean useDateFormatSymbols() {

         if (useDateFormatSymbols) {

             return true;

         }

         return isGregorianCalendar() || locale == null;

     }

     private boolean isGregorianCalendar() {

         return "java.util.GregorianCalendar".equals(getCalendarName());

     }

     /**

      * Translates a pattern, mapping each character in the from string to the

      * corresponding character in the to string.

      *

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid

      */

     private String translatePattern(String pattern, String from, String to) {

         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

         boolean inQuote = false;

         for (int i = 0; i < pattern.length(); ++i) {

             char c = pattern.charAt(i);

             if (inQuote) {

                 if (c == '\'')

                     inQuote = false;

             }

             else {

                 if (c == '\'')

                     inQuote = true;

                 else if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) {

                     int ci = from.indexOf(c);

                     if (ci >= 0) {

                         // patternChars is longer than localPatternChars due

                         // to serialization compatibility. The pattern letters

                         // unsupported by localPatternChars pass through.

                         if (ci < to.length()) {

                             c = to.charAt(ci);

                         }

                     } else {

                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal pattern " +

                                                            " character '" +

                                                            c + "'");

                     }

                 }

             }

             result.append(c);

         }

         if (inQuote)

             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unfinished quote in pattern");

         return result.toString();

     }

     /**

      * Returns a pattern string describing this date format.

      *

      * @return a pattern string describing this date format.

      */

     public String toPattern() {

         return pattern;

     }

     /**

      * Returns a localized pattern string describing this date format.

      *

      * @return a localized pattern string describing this date format.

      */

     public String toLocalizedPattern() {

         return translatePattern(pattern,

                                 DateFormatSymbols.patternChars,

                                 formatData.getLocalPatternChars());

     }

     /**

      * Applies the given pattern string to this date format.

      *

      * @param pattern the new date and time pattern for this date format

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern is null

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid

      */

     public void applyPattern(String pattern)

     {

         compiledPattern = compile(pattern);

         this.pattern = pattern;

     }

     /**

      * Applies the given localized pattern string to this date format.

      *

      * @param pattern a String to be mapped to the new date and time format

      *        pattern for this format

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given pattern is null

      * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the given pattern is invalid

      */

     public void applyLocalizedPattern(String pattern) {

          String p = translatePattern(pattern,

                                      formatData.getLocalPatternChars(),

                                      DateFormatSymbols.patternChars);

          compiledPattern = compile(p);

          this.pattern = p;

     }

     /**

      * Gets a copy of the date and time format symbols of this date format.

      *

      * @return the date and time format symbols of this date format

      * @see #setDateFormatSymbols

      */

     public DateFormatSymbols getDateFormatSymbols()

     {

         return (DateFormatSymbols)formatData.clone();

     }

     /**

      * Sets the date and time format symbols of this date format.

      *

      * @param newFormatSymbols the new date and time format symbols

      * @exception NullPointerException if the given newFormatSymbols is null

      * @see #getDateFormatSymbols

      */

     public void setDateFormatSymbols(DateFormatSymbols newFormatSymbols)

     {

         this.formatData = (DateFormatSymbols)newFormatSymbols.clone();

         useDateFormatSymbols = true;

     }

     /**

      * Creates a copy of this <code>SimpleDateFormat</code>. This also

      * clones the format's date format symbols.

      *

      * @return a clone of this <code>SimpleDateFormat</code>

      */

     public Object clone() {

         SimpleDateFormat other = (SimpleDateFormat) super.clone();

         other.formatData = (DateFormatSymbols) formatData.clone();

         return other;

     }

     /**

      * Returns the hash code value for this <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> object.

      *

      * @return the hash code value for this <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> object.

      */

     public int hashCode()

     {

         return pattern.hashCode();

         // just enough fields for a reasonable distribution

     }

     /**

      * Compares the given object with this <code>SimpleDateFormat</code> for

      * equality.

      *

      * @return true if the given object is equal to this

      * <code>SimpleDateFormat</code>

      */

     public boolean equals(Object obj)

     {

         if (!super.equals(obj)) return false; // super does class check

         SimpleDateFormat that = (SimpleDateFormat) obj;

         return (pattern.equals(that.pattern)

                 && formatData.equals(that.formatData));

     }

     /**

      * After reading an object from the input stream, the format

      * pattern in the object is verified.

      * <p>

      * @exception InvalidObjectException if the pattern is invalid

      */

     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream)

                          throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

         stream.defaultReadObject();

         try {

             compiledPattern = compile(pattern);

         } catch (Exception e) {

             throw new InvalidObjectException("invalid pattern");

         }

         if (serialVersionOnStream < 1) {

             // didn't have defaultCenturyStart field

             initializeDefaultCentury();

         }

         else {

             // fill in dependent transient field

             parseAmbiguousDatesAsAfter(defaultCenturyStart);

         }

         serialVersionOnStream = currentSerialVersion;

         // If the deserialized object has a SimpleTimeZone, try

         // to replace it with a ZoneInfo equivalent in order to

         // be compatible with the SimpleTimeZone-based

         // implementation as much as possible.

         TimeZone tz = getTimeZone();

         if (tz instanceof SimpleTimeZone) {

             String id = tz.getID();

             TimeZone zi = TimeZone.getTimeZone(id);

             if (zi != null && zi.hasSameRules(tz) && zi.getID().equals(id)) {

                 setTimeZone(zi);

             }

         }

     }

     /**

      * Analyze the negative subpattern of DecimalFormat and set/update values

      * as necessary.

      */

     private void checkNegativeNumberExpression() {

         if ((numberFormat instanceof DecimalFormat) &&

             !numberFormat.equals(originalNumberFormat)) {

             String numberPattern = ((DecimalFormat)numberFormat).toPattern();

             if (!numberPattern.equals(originalNumberPattern)) {

                 hasFollowingMinusSign = false;

                 int separatorIndex = numberPattern.indexOf(';');

                 // If the negative subpattern is not absent, we have to analayze

                 // it in order to check if it has a following minus sign.

                 if (separatorIndex > -1) {

                     int minusIndex = numberPattern.indexOf('-', separatorIndex);

                     if ((minusIndex > numberPattern.lastIndexOf('0')) &&

                         (minusIndex > numberPattern.lastIndexOf('#'))) {

                         hasFollowingMinusSign = true;

                         minusSign = ((DecimalFormat)numberFormat).getDecimalFormatSymbols().getMinusSign();

                     }

                 }

                 originalNumberPattern = numberPattern;

             }

             originalNumberFormat = numberFormat;

         }

     }

     private static final class GregorianCalendar extends Calendar {

         @Override

         protected void computeTime() {

         }

         @Override

         protected void computeFields() {

         }

         @Override

         public void add(int field, int amount) {

         }

         @Override

         public void roll(int field, boolean up) {

         }

         @Override

         public int getMinimum(int field) {

             return 0;

         }

         @Override

         public int getMaximum(int field) {

             return 0;

         }

         @Override

         public int getGreatestMinimum(int field) {

             return 0;

         }

         @Override

         public int getLeastMaximum(int field) {

             return 0;

         }

     }

 }