+ * Applications that need to define a subclass of
+ * OutputStream must always provide at least a method
+ * that writes one byte of output.
+ *
+ * @author Arthur van Hoff
+ * @see java.io.BufferedOutputStream
+ * @see java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+ * @see java.io.DataOutputStream
+ * @see java.io.FilterOutputStream
+ * @see java.io.InputStream
+ * @see java.io.OutputStream#write(int)
+ * @since JDK1.0
+ */
+public abstract class OutputStream implements Closeable, Flushable {
+ /**
+ * Writes the specified byte to this output stream. The general
+ * contract for write is that one byte is written
+ * to the output stream. The byte to be written is the eight
+ * low-order bits of the argument b. The 24
+ * high-order bits of b are ignored.
+ *
+ * Subclasses of OutputStream must provide an
+ * implementation for this method.
+ *
+ * @param b the byte.
+ * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs. In particular,
+ * an IOException may be thrown if the
+ * output stream has been closed.
+ */
+ public abstract void write(int b) throws IOException;
+
+ /**
+ * Writes b.length bytes from the specified byte array
+ * to this output stream. The general contract for write(b)
+ * is that it should have exactly the same effect as the call
+ * write(b, 0, b.length).
+ *
+ * @param b the data.
+ * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
+ * @see java.io.OutputStream#write(byte[], int, int)
+ */
+ public void write(byte b[]) throws IOException {
+ write(b, 0, b.length);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Writes len bytes from the specified byte array
+ * starting at offset off to this output stream.
+ * The general contract for write(b, off, len) is that
+ * some of the bytes in the array b are written to the
+ * output stream in order; element b[off] is the first
+ * byte written and b[off+len-1] is the last byte written
+ * by this operation.
+ *
+ * The write method of OutputStream calls
+ * the write method of one argument on each of the bytes to be
+ * written out. Subclasses are encouraged to override this method and
+ * provide a more efficient implementation.
+ *
+ * If b is null, a
+ * NullPointerException is thrown.
+ *
+ * If off is negative, or len is negative, or
+ * off+len is greater than the length of the array
+ * b, then an IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown.
+ *
+ * @param b the data.
+ * @param off the start offset in the data.
+ * @param len the number of bytes to write.
+ * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs. In particular,
+ * an IOException is thrown if the output
+ * stream is closed.
+ */
+ public void write(byte b[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
+ if (b == null) {
+ throw new NullPointerException();
+ } else if ((off < 0) || (off > b.length) || (len < 0) ||
+ ((off + len) > b.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
+ throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+ } else if (len == 0) {
+ return;
+ }
+ for (int i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) {
+ write(b[off + i]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Flushes this output stream and forces any buffered output bytes
+ * to be written out. The general contract of flush is
+ * that calling it is an indication that, if any bytes previously
+ * written have been buffered by the implementation of the output
+ * stream, such bytes should immediately be written to their
+ * intended destination.
+ *
+ * If the intended destination of this stream is an abstraction provided by + * the underlying operating system, for example a file, then flushing the + * stream guarantees only that bytes previously written to the stream are + * passed to the operating system for writing; it does not guarantee that + * they are actually written to a physical device such as a disk drive. + *
+ * The flush method of OutputStream does nothing.
+ *
+ * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
+ */
+ public void flush() throws IOException {
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Closes this output stream and releases any system resources
+ * associated with this stream. The general contract of close
+ * is that it closes the output stream. A closed stream cannot perform
+ * output operations and cannot be reopened.
+ *
+ * The close method of OutputStream does nothing.
+ *
+ * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs.
+ */
+ public void close() throws IOException {
+ }
+
+}