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/*
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* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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*
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* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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*
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* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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* accompanied this code).
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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*
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* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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* questions.
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*/
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/*
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* This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
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* License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
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* However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
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* file:
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*
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* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
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* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
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* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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*/
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package java.util.concurrent;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Collection;
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import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
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import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
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/**
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* An {@link Executor} that provides methods to manage termination and
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* methods that can produce a {@link Future} for tracking progress of
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* one or more asynchronous tasks.
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*
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* <p> An <tt>ExecutorService</tt> can be shut down, which will cause
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* it to reject new tasks. Two different methods are provided for
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* shutting down an <tt>ExecutorService</tt>. The {@link #shutdown}
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* method will allow previously submitted tasks to execute before
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* terminating, while the {@link #shutdownNow} method prevents waiting
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* tasks from starting and attempts to stop currently executing tasks.
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* Upon termination, an executor has no tasks actively executing, no
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* tasks awaiting execution, and no new tasks can be submitted. An
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* unused <tt>ExecutorService</tt> should be shut down to allow
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* reclamation of its resources.
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*
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* <p> Method <tt>submit</tt> extends base method {@link
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* Executor#execute} by creating and returning a {@link Future} that
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* can be used to cancel execution and/or wait for completion.
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* Methods <tt>invokeAny</tt> and <tt>invokeAll</tt> perform the most
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* commonly useful forms of bulk execution, executing a collection of
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* tasks and then waiting for at least one, or all, to
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* complete. (Class {@link ExecutorCompletionService} can be used to
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* write customized variants of these methods.)
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*
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* <p>The {@link Executors} class provides factory methods for the
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* executor services provided in this package.
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*
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* <h3>Usage Examples</h3>
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*
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* Here is a sketch of a network service in which threads in a thread
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* pool service incoming requests. It uses the preconfigured {@link
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* Executors#newFixedThreadPool} factory method:
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*
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* <pre>
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* class NetworkService implements Runnable {
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* private final ServerSocket serverSocket;
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* private final ExecutorService pool;
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*
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* public NetworkService(int port, int poolSize)
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* throws IOException {
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* serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
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* pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(poolSize);
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* }
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*
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* public void run() { // run the service
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* try {
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* for (;;) {
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* pool.execute(new Handler(serverSocket.accept()));
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* }
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* } catch (IOException ex) {
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* pool.shutdown();
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* }
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* }
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* }
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*
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* class Handler implements Runnable {
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* private final Socket socket;
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* Handler(Socket socket) { this.socket = socket; }
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* public void run() {
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* // read and service request on socket
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* }
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* }
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* </pre>
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*
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* The following method shuts down an <tt>ExecutorService</tt> in two phases,
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* first by calling <tt>shutdown</tt> to reject incoming tasks, and then
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* calling <tt>shutdownNow</tt>, if necessary, to cancel any lingering tasks:
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*
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* <pre>
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* void shutdownAndAwaitTermination(ExecutorService pool) {
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* pool.shutdown(); // Disable new tasks from being submitted
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* try {
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* // Wait a while for existing tasks to terminate
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* if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
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* pool.shutdownNow(); // Cancel currently executing tasks
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* // Wait a while for tasks to respond to being cancelled
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* if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
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* System.err.println("Pool did not terminate");
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* }
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* } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
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* // (Re-)Cancel if current thread also interrupted
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* pool.shutdownNow();
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* // Preserve interrupt status
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* Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
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* }
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* }
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* </pre>
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*
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* <p>Memory consistency effects: Actions in a thread prior to the
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* submission of a {@code Runnable} or {@code Callable} task to an
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* {@code ExecutorService}
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* <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"><i>happen-before</i></a>
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* any actions taken by that task, which in turn <i>happen-before</i> the
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* result is retrieved via {@code Future.get()}.
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*
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* @since 1.5
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* @author Doug Lea
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*/
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public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
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/**
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* Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted
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* tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
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* Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.
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*
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* <p>This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to
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* complete execution. Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination}
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* to do that.
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*
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* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
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* shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
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* threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
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* because it does not hold {@link
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* java.lang.RuntimePermission}<tt>("modifyThread")</tt>,
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* or the security manager's <tt>checkAccess</tt> method
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* denies access.
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*/
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void shutdown();
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/**
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* Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the
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* processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks
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* that were awaiting execution.
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*
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* <p>This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to
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* terminate. Use {@link #awaitTermination awaitTermination} to
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* do that.
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*
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* <p>There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop
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* processing actively executing tasks. For example, typical
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* implementations will cancel via {@link Thread#interrupt}, so any
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* task that fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.
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*
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* @return list of tasks that never commenced execution
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* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and
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* shutting down this ExecutorService may manipulate
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* threads that the caller is not permitted to modify
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* because it does not hold {@link
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* java.lang.RuntimePermission}<tt>("modifyThread")</tt>,
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* or the security manager's <tt>checkAccess</tt> method
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* denies access.
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*/
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List<Runnable> shutdownNow();
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/**
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* Returns <tt>true</tt> if this executor has been shut down.
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*
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* @return <tt>true</tt> if this executor has been shut down
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*/
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boolean isShutdown();
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/**
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* Returns <tt>true</tt> if all tasks have completed following shut down.
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* Note that <tt>isTerminated</tt> is never <tt>true</tt> unless
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* either <tt>shutdown</tt> or <tt>shutdownNow</tt> was called first.
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*
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* @return <tt>true</tt> if all tasks have completed following shut down
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*/
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boolean isTerminated();
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/**
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* Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown
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* request, or the timeout occurs, or the current thread is
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* interrupted, whichever happens first.
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*
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* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
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* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
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* @return <tt>true</tt> if this executor terminated and
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* <tt>false</tt> if the timeout elapsed before termination
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* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
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*/
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boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
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throws InterruptedException;
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/**
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* Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a
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* Future representing the pending results of the task. The
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* Future's <tt>get</tt> method will return the task's result upon
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* successful completion.
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*
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* <p>
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* If you would like to immediately block waiting
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* for a task, you can use constructions of the form
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* <tt>result = exec.submit(aCallable).get();</tt>
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*
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* <p> Note: The {@link Executors} class includes a set of methods
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* that can convert some other common closure-like objects,
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* for example, {@link java.security.PrivilegedAction} to
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* {@link Callable} form so they can be submitted.
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*
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* @param task the task to submit
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* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
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* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
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* scheduled for execution
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* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
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*/
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<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
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/**
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* Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
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* representing that task. The Future's <tt>get</tt> method will
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* return the given result upon successful completion.
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*
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* @param task the task to submit
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* @param result the result to return
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* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
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* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
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* scheduled for execution
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* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
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*/
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<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
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/**
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* Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
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* representing that task. The Future's <tt>get</tt> method will
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* return <tt>null</tt> upon <em>successful</em> completion.
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*
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* @param task the task to submit
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* @return a Future representing pending completion of the task
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* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
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* scheduled for execution
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* @throws NullPointerException if the task is null
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*/
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Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
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/**
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* Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
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* their status and results when all complete.
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* {@link Future#isDone} is <tt>true</tt> for each
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* element of the returned list.
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* Note that a <em>completed</em> task could have
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* terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
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* The results of this method are undefined if the given
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* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
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*
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* @param tasks the collection of tasks
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* @return A list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
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* sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
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* given task list, each of which has completed.
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* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
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* which case unfinished tasks are cancelled.
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* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any of its elements are <tt>null</tt>
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* @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be
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* scheduled for execution
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*/
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<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
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throws InterruptedException;
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/**
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* Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
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* their status and results
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* when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
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|
297 |
* {@link Future#isDone} is <tt>true</tt> for each
|
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|
298 |
* element of the returned list.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
299 |
* Upon return, tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
300 |
* Note that a <em>completed</em> task could have
|
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|
301 |
* terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
302 |
* The results of this method are undefined if the given
|
jaroslav@1890
|
303 |
* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
304 |
*
|
jaroslav@1890
|
305 |
* @param tasks the collection of tasks
|
jaroslav@1890
|
306 |
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
|
jaroslav@1890
|
307 |
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
|
jaroslav@1890
|
308 |
* @return a list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
|
jaroslav@1890
|
309 |
* sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
|
jaroslav@1890
|
310 |
* given task list. If the operation did not time out,
|
jaroslav@1890
|
311 |
* each task will have completed. If it did time out, some
|
jaroslav@1890
|
312 |
* of these tasks will not have completed.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
313 |
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
|
jaroslav@1890
|
314 |
* which case unfinished tasks are cancelled
|
jaroslav@1890
|
315 |
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks, any of its elements, or
|
jaroslav@1890
|
316 |
* unit are <tt>null</tt>
|
jaroslav@1890
|
317 |
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be scheduled
|
jaroslav@1890
|
318 |
* for execution
|
jaroslav@1890
|
319 |
*/
|
jaroslav@1890
|
320 |
<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
|
jaroslav@1890
|
321 |
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
|
jaroslav@1890
|
322 |
throws InterruptedException;
|
jaroslav@1890
|
323 |
|
jaroslav@1890
|
324 |
/**
|
jaroslav@1890
|
325 |
* Executes the given tasks, returning the result
|
jaroslav@1890
|
326 |
* of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
|
jaroslav@1890
|
327 |
* an exception), if any do. Upon normal or exceptional return,
|
jaroslav@1890
|
328 |
* tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
329 |
* The results of this method are undefined if the given
|
jaroslav@1890
|
330 |
* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
331 |
*
|
jaroslav@1890
|
332 |
* @param tasks the collection of tasks
|
jaroslav@1890
|
333 |
* @return the result returned by one of the tasks
|
jaroslav@1890
|
334 |
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
|
jaroslav@1890
|
335 |
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks or any element task
|
jaroslav@1890
|
336 |
* subject to execution is <tt>null</tt>
|
jaroslav@1890
|
337 |
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if tasks is empty
|
jaroslav@1890
|
338 |
* @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
|
jaroslav@1890
|
339 |
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
|
jaroslav@1890
|
340 |
* for execution
|
jaroslav@1890
|
341 |
*/
|
jaroslav@1890
|
342 |
<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
|
jaroslav@1890
|
343 |
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
|
jaroslav@1890
|
344 |
|
jaroslav@1890
|
345 |
/**
|
jaroslav@1890
|
346 |
* Executes the given tasks, returning the result
|
jaroslav@1890
|
347 |
* of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing
|
jaroslav@1890
|
348 |
* an exception), if any do before the given timeout elapses.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
349 |
* Upon normal or exceptional return, tasks that have not
|
jaroslav@1890
|
350 |
* completed are cancelled.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
351 |
* The results of this method are undefined if the given
|
jaroslav@1890
|
352 |
* collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
353 |
*
|
jaroslav@1890
|
354 |
* @param tasks the collection of tasks
|
jaroslav@1890
|
355 |
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
|
jaroslav@1890
|
356 |
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
|
jaroslav@1890
|
357 |
* @return the result returned by one of the tasks.
|
jaroslav@1890
|
358 |
* @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
|
jaroslav@1890
|
359 |
* @throws NullPointerException if tasks, or unit, or any element
|
jaroslav@1890
|
360 |
* task subject to execution is <tt>null</tt>
|
jaroslav@1890
|
361 |
* @throws TimeoutException if the given timeout elapses before
|
jaroslav@1890
|
362 |
* any task successfully completes
|
jaroslav@1890
|
363 |
* @throws ExecutionException if no task successfully completes
|
jaroslav@1890
|
364 |
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if tasks cannot be scheduled
|
jaroslav@1890
|
365 |
* for execution
|
jaroslav@1890
|
366 |
*/
|
jaroslav@1890
|
367 |
<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
|
jaroslav@1890
|
368 |
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
|
jaroslav@1890
|
369 |
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
|
jaroslav@1890
|
370 |
}
|