/*

Java 4 Browser Bytecode Translator

Copyright (C) 2012-2012 Jaroslav Tulach <jaroslav.tulach@apidesign.org>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the License.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

along with this program. Look for COPYING file in the top folder.

If not, see http://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-2.0.

*/

package org.apidesign.java4browser;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.Collection;

import java.util.List;

import static org.netbeans.modules.classfile.ByteCodes.*;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.CPClassInfo;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.CPEntry;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.CPFieldInfo;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.CPMethodInfo;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.ClassFile;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.ClassName;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.Code;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.Method;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.Parameter;

import org.netbeans.modules.classfile.Variable;

/** Translator of the code inside class files to JavaScript.

 *

 * @author Jaroslav Tulach <jtulach@netbeans.org>

 */

public final class ByteCodeToJavaScript {

    private final ClassFile jc;

    private final Appendable out;

    private final Collection<? super String> references;

    private ByteCodeToJavaScript(

        ClassFile jc, Appendable out, Collection<? super String> references

    ) {

        this.jc = jc;

        this.out = out;

        this.references = references;

    }

    /**

     * Converts a given class file to a JavaScript version.

     *

     * @param classFile input stream with code of the .class file

     * @param out a {@link StringBuilder} or similar to generate the output to

     * @param references a write only collection where the system adds list of

     *   other classes that were referenced and should be loaded in order the

     *   generated JavaScript code works properly. The names are in internal 

     *   JVM form so String is <code>java/lang/String</code>. Can be <code>null</code>

     *   if one is not interested in knowing references

     * @throws IOException if something goes wrong during read or write or translating

     */

    public static void compile(

        InputStream classFile, Appendable out,

        Collection<? super String> references

    ) throws IOException {

        ClassFile jc = new ClassFile(classFile, true);

        ByteCodeToJavaScript compiler = new ByteCodeToJavaScript(

            jc, out, references

        );

        for (Method m : jc.getMethods()) {

            if (m.isStatic()) {

                compiler.generateStaticMethod(m);

            } else {

                compiler.generateInstanceMethod(m);

            }

        }

        for (Variable v : jc.getVariables()) {

            if (v.isStatic()) {

                compiler.generateStaticField(v);

            }

        }

        final String className = jc.getName().getInternalName().replace('/', '_');

        out.append("\nfunction ").append(className);

        out.append("() {");

        for (Method m : jc.getMethods()) {

            if (!m.isStatic()) {

                compiler.generateMethodReference(m);

            }

        }

        for (Variable v : jc.getVariables()) {

            if (!v.isStatic()) {

                out.append("\n  this." + v.getName() + " = 0;");

            }

        }

        out.append("\n  this.$instOf_").append(className).append(" = true;");

        out.append("\n}");

        ClassName sc = jc.getSuperClass();

        if (sc != null) {

            out.append("\n  ").append(className)

               .append(".prototype = new ").append(sc.getInternalName().replace('/', '_'));

        }

    }

    private void generateStaticMethod(Method m) throws IOException {

        out.append("\nfunction ").append(

            jc.getName().getInternalName().replace('/', '_')

        ).append('_').append(findMethodName(m));

        out.append('(');

        String space = "";

        List<Parameter> args = m.getParameters();

        for (int index = 0, i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {

            out.append(space);

            out.append("arg").append(String.valueOf(index));

            space = ",";

            final String desc = args.get(i).getDescriptor();

            if ("D".equals(desc) || "J".equals(desc)) {

                index += 2;

            } else {

                index++;

            }

        }

        out.append(") {").append("\n");

        final Code code = m.getCode();

        if (code != null) {

            int len = code.getMaxLocals();

            for (int index = args.size(), i = args.size(); i < len; i++) {

                out.append("  var ");

                out.append("arg").append(String.valueOf(i)).append(";\n");

            }

            out.append("  var stack = new Array(");

            out.append(Integer.toString(code.getMaxStack()));

            out.append(");\n");

            produceCode(code.getByteCodes());

        } else {

            out.append("  /* no code found for ").append(m.getTypeSignature()).append(" */\n");

        }

        out.append("}");

    }

    private void generateMethodReference(Method m) throws IOException {

        final String name = findMethodName(m);

        out.append("\n  this.").append(name).append(" = ")

           .append(jc.getName().getInternalName().replace('/', '_'))

           .append('_').append(name).append(";");

    }

    private void generateInstanceMethod(Method m) throws IOException {

        out.append("\nfunction ").append(

            jc.getName().getInternalName().replace('/', '_')

        ).append('_').append(findMethodName(m));

        out.append("(arg0");

        String space = ",";

        List<Parameter> args = m.getParameters();

        for (int index = 1, i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {

            out.append(space);

            out.append("arg").append(String.valueOf(index));

            final String desc = args.get(i).getDescriptor();

            if ("D".equals(desc) || "J".equals(desc)) {

                index += 2;

            } else {

                index++;

            }

        }

        out.append(") {").append("\n");

        final Code code = m.getCode();

        if (code != null) {

            int len = code.getMaxLocals();

            for (int index = args.size(), i = args.size(); i < len; i++) {

                out.append("  var ");

                out.append("arg").append(String.valueOf(i + 1)).append(";\n");

            }

            out.append(";\n  var stack = new Array(");

            out.append(Integer.toString(code.getMaxStack()));

            out.append(");\n");

            produceCode(code.getByteCodes());

        } else {

            out.append("  /* no code found for ").append(m.getTypeSignature()).append(" */\n");

        }

        out.append("}");

    }

    private void produceCode(byte[] byteCodes) throws IOException {

        out.append("\n  var gt = 0;\n  for(;;) switch(gt) {\n");

        for (int i = 0; i < byteCodes.length; i++) {

            int prev = i;

            out.append("    case " + i).append(": ");

            final int c = (byteCodes[i] + 256) % 256;

            switch (c) {

                case bc_aload_0:

                case bc_iload_0:

                case bc_lload_0:

                case bc_fload_0:

                case bc_dload_0:

                    out.append("stack.push(arg0);");

                    break;

                case bc_aload_1:

                case bc_iload_1:

                case bc_lload_1:

                case bc_fload_1:

                case bc_dload_1:

                    out.append("stack.push(arg1);");

                    break;

                case bc_aload_2:

                case bc_iload_2:

                case bc_lload_2:

                case bc_fload_2:

                case bc_dload_2:

                    out.append("stack.push(arg2);");

                    break;

                case bc_aload_3:

                case bc_iload_3:

                case bc_lload_3:

                case bc_fload_3:

                case bc_dload_3:

                    out.append("stack.push(arg3);");

                    break;

                case bc_iload:

                case bc_lload:

                case bc_fload:

                case bc_dload:

                case bc_aload: {

                    final int indx = (byteCodes[++i] + 256) % 256;

                    out.append("stack.push(arg").append(indx + ");");

                    break;

                }

                case bc_astore_0:

                case bc_istore_0:

                case bc_lstore_0:

                case bc_fstore_0:

                case bc_dstore_0:

                    out.append("arg0 = stack.pop();");

                    break;

                case bc_astore_1:

                case bc_istore_1:

                case bc_lstore_1:

                case bc_fstore_1:

                case bc_dstore_1:

                    out.append("arg1 = stack.pop();");

                    break;

                case bc_astore_2:

                case bc_istore_2:

                case bc_lstore_2:

                case bc_fstore_2:

                case bc_dstore_2:

                    out.append("arg2 = stack.pop();");

                    break;

                case bc_astore_3:

                case bc_istore_3:

                case bc_lstore_3:

                case bc_fstore_3:

                case bc_dstore_3:

                    out.append("arg3 = stack.pop();");

                    break;

                case bc_iadd:

                case bc_ladd:

                case bc_fadd:

                case bc_dadd:

                    out.append("stack.push(stack.pop() + stack.pop());");

                    break;

                case bc_isub:

                case bc_lsub:

                case bc_fsub:

                case bc_dsub:

                    out.append("{ var tmp = stack.pop(); stack.push(stack.pop() - tmp); }");

                    break;

                case bc_imul:

                case bc_lmul:

                case bc_fmul:

                case bc_dmul:

                    out.append("stack.push(stack.pop() * stack.pop());");

                    break;

                case bc_idiv:

                case bc_ldiv:

                    out.append("{ var tmp = stack.pop(); stack.push(Math.floor(stack.pop() / tmp)); }");

                    break;

                case bc_fdiv:

                case bc_ddiv:

                    out.append("{ var tmp = stack.pop(); stack.push(stack.pop() / tmp); }");

                    break;

                case bc_iand:

                case bc_land:

                    out.append("stack.push(stack.pop() & stack.pop());");

                    break;

                case bc_ior:

                case bc_lor:

                    out.append("stack.push(stack.pop() | stack.pop());");

                    break;

                case bc_ixor:

                case bc_lxor:

                    out.append("stack.push(stack.pop() ^ stack.pop());");

                    break;

                case bc_iinc: {

                    final int varIndx = (byteCodes[++i] + 256) % 256;

                    final int incrBy = (byteCodes[++i] + 256) % 256;

                    if (incrBy == 1) {

                        out.append("arg" + varIndx).append("++;");

                    } else {

                        out.append("arg" + varIndx).append(" += " + incrBy).append(";");

                    }

                    break;

                }

                case bc_return:

                    out.append("return;");

                    break;

                case bc_ireturn:

                case bc_lreturn:

                case bc_freturn:

                case bc_dreturn:

                case bc_areturn:

                    out.append("return stack.pop();");

                    break;

                case bc_i2l:

                case bc_i2f:

                case bc_i2d:

                case bc_l2i:

                    // max int check?

                case bc_l2f:

                case bc_l2d:

                case bc_f2d:

                case bc_d2f:

                    out.append("/* number conversion */");

                    break;

                case bc_f2i:

                case bc_f2l:

                case bc_d2i:

                case bc_d2l:

                    out.append("stack.push(Math.floor(stack.pop()));");

                    break;

                case bc_i2b:

                case bc_i2c:

                case bc_i2s:

                    out.append("/* number conversion */");

                    break;

                case bc_iconst_0:

                case bc_dconst_0:

                case bc_lconst_0:

                case bc_fconst_0:

                    out.append("stack.push(0);");

                    break;

                case bc_iconst_1:

                case bc_lconst_1:

                case bc_fconst_1:

                case bc_dconst_1:

                    out.append("stack.push(1);");

                    break;

                case bc_iconst_2:

                case bc_fconst_2:

                    out.append("stack.push(2);");

                    break;

                case bc_iconst_3:

                    out.append("stack.push(3);");

                    break;

                case bc_iconst_4:

                    out.append("stack.push(4);");

                    break;

                case bc_iconst_5:

                    out.append("stack.push(5);");

                    break;

                case bc_ldc_w:

                case bc_ldc2_w: {

                    int indx = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    CPEntry entry = jc.getConstantPool().get(indx);

                    i += 2;

                    out.append("stack.push(" + entry.getValue() + ");");

                    break;

                }

                case bc_if_icmpeq: {

                    i = generateIf(byteCodes, i, "==");

                    break;

                }

                case bc_ifeq: {

                    int indx = i + readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    out.append("if (stack.pop() == 0) { gt = " + indx);

                    out.append("; continue; }");

                    i += 2;

                    break;

                }

                case bc_ifnonnull: {

                    int indx = i + readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    out.append("if (stack.pop()) { gt = " + indx);

                    out.append("; continue; }");

                    i += 2;

                    break;

                }

                case bc_ifnull: {

                    int indx = i + readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    out.append("if (!stack.pop()) { gt = " + indx);

                    out.append("; continue; }");

                    i += 2;

                    break;

                }

                case bc_if_icmpne:

                    i = generateIf(byteCodes, i, "!=");

                    break;

                case bc_if_icmplt:

                    i = generateIf(byteCodes, i, ">");

                    break;

                case bc_if_icmple:

                    i = generateIf(byteCodes, i, ">=");

                    break;

                case bc_if_icmpgt:

                    i = generateIf(byteCodes, i, "<");

                    break;

                case bc_if_icmpge:

                    i = generateIf(byteCodes, i, "<=");

                    break;

                case bc_goto: {

                    int indx = i + readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    out.append("gt = " + indx).append("; continue;");

                    i += 2;

                    break;

                }

                case bc_invokeinterface:

                case bc_invokevirtual:

                    i = invokeVirtualMethod(byteCodes, i);

                    break;

                case bc_invokespecial:

                    i = invokeStaticMethod(byteCodes, i, false);

                    break;

                case bc_invokestatic:

                    i = invokeStaticMethod(byteCodes, i, true);

                    break;

                case bc_new: {

                    int indx = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    CPClassInfo ci = jc.getConstantPool().getClass(indx);

                    out.append("stack.push(");

                    out.append("new ").append(ci.getClassName().getInternalName().replace('/','_'));

                    out.append(");");

                    addReference(ci.getClassName().getInternalName());

                    i += 2;

                    break;

                }

                case bc_dup:

                    out.append("stack.push(stack[stack.length - 1]);");

                    break;

                case bc_bipush:

                    out.append("stack.push(" + byteCodes[++i] + ");");

                    break;

                case bc_getfield: {

                    int indx = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    CPFieldInfo fi = (CPFieldInfo) jc.getConstantPool().get(indx);

                    out.append(" stack.push(stack.pop().").append(fi.getFieldName()).append(");");

                    i += 2;

                    break;

                }

                case bc_getstatic: {

                    int indx = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    CPFieldInfo fi = (CPFieldInfo) jc.getConstantPool().get(indx);

                    final String in = fi.getClassName().getInternalName();

                    out.append("stack.push(").append(in.replace('/', '_'));

                    out.append('_').append(fi.getFieldName()).append(");");

                    i += 2;

                    addReference(in);

                    break;

                }

                case bc_putstatic: {

                    int indx = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    CPFieldInfo fi = (CPFieldInfo) jc.getConstantPool().get(indx);

                    final String in = fi.getClassName().getInternalName();

                    out.append(in.replace('/', '_'));

                    out.append('_').append(fi.getFieldName()).append(" = stack.pop();");

                    i += 2;

                    addReference(in);

                    break;

                }

                case bc_putfield: {

                    int indx = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    CPFieldInfo fi = (CPFieldInfo) jc.getConstantPool().get(indx);

                    out.append("{ var v = stack.pop(); stack.pop().")

                       .append(fi.getFieldName()).append(" = v; }");

                    i += 2;

                    break;

                }

                case bc_instanceof: {

                    int indx = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

                    CPClassInfo ci = jc.getConstantPool().getClass(indx);

                    out.append("stack.push(stack.pop().$instOf_")

                       .append(ci.getClassName().getInternalName().replace('/', '_'))

                       .append(" ? 1 : 0);");

                    i += 2;

                }

            }

            out.append(" /*");

            for (int j = prev; j <= i; j++) {

                out.append(" ");

                final int cc = (byteCodes[j] + 256) % 256;

                out.append(Integer.toString(cc));

            }

            out.append("*/\n");

        }

        out.append("  }\n");

    }

    private int generateIf(byte[] byteCodes, int i, final String test) throws IOException {

        int indx = i + readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

        out.append("if (stack.pop() ").append(test).append(" stack.pop()) { gt = " + indx);

        out.append("; continue; }");

        return i + 2;

    }

    private int readIntArg(byte[] byteCodes, int offsetInstruction) {

        final int indxHi = byteCodes[offsetInstruction + 1] << 8;

        final int indxLo = byteCodes[offsetInstruction + 2];

        return (indxHi & 0xffffff00) | (indxLo & 0xff);

    }

    private static int countArgs(String descriptor, boolean[] hasReturnType, StringBuilder sig) {

        int cnt = 0;

        int i = 0;

        Boolean count = null;

        int firstPos = sig.length();

        while (i < descriptor.length()) {

            char ch = descriptor.charAt(i++);

            switch (ch) {

                case '(':

                    count = true;

                    continue;

                case ')':

                    count = false;

                    continue;

                case 'B': 

                case 'C': 

                case 'D': 

                case 'F': 

                case 'I': 

                case 'J': 

                case 'S': 

                case 'Z': 

                    if (count) {

                        cnt++;

                        sig.append(ch);

                    } else {

                        hasReturnType[0] = true;

                        sig.insert(firstPos, ch);

                    }

                    continue;

                case 'V': 

                    assert !count;

                    hasReturnType[0] = false;

                    sig.insert(firstPos, 'V');

                    continue;

                case 'L':

                    int next = descriptor.indexOf(';', i);

                    if (count) {

                        cnt++;

                        sig.append(ch);

                        sig.append(descriptor.substring(i, next).replace('/', '_'));

                    } else {

                        sig.insert(firstPos, descriptor.substring(i, next).replace('/', '_'));

                        sig.insert(firstPos, ch);

                        hasReturnType[0] = true;

                    }

                    i = next + 1;

                    continue;

                case '[':

                    //arrays++;

                    continue;

                default:

                    break; // invalid character

            }

        }

        return cnt;

    }

    private void generateStaticField(Variable v) throws IOException {

        out.append("\nvar ")

           .append(jc.getName().getInternalName().replace('/', '_'))

           .append('_').append(v.getName()).append(" = 0;");

    }

    private String findMethodName(Method m) {

        StringBuilder tmp = new StringBuilder();

        if ("<init>".equals(m.getName())) { // NOI18N

            tmp.append("consV"); // NOI18N

        } else if ("<clinit>".equals(m.getName())) { // NOI18N

            tmp.append("classV"); // NOI18N

        } else {

            tmp.append(m.getName());

            outType(m.getReturnType(), tmp);

        } 

        List<Parameter> args = m.getParameters();

        for (Parameter t : args) {

            outType(t.getDescriptor(), tmp);

        }

        return tmp.toString();

    }

    private String findMethodName(CPMethodInfo mi, int[] cnt, boolean[] hasReturn) {

        StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder();

        if ("<init>".equals(mi.getName())) { // NOI18N

            name.append("cons"); // NOI18N

        } else {

            name.append(mi.getName());

        }

        cnt[0] = countArgs(mi.getDescriptor(), hasReturn, name);

        return name.toString();

    }

    private int invokeStaticMethod(byte[] byteCodes, int i, boolean isStatic)

    throws IOException {

        int methodIndex = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

        CPMethodInfo mi = (CPMethodInfo) jc.getConstantPool().get(methodIndex);

        boolean[] hasReturn = { false };

        int[] cnt = { 0 };

        String mn = findMethodName(mi, cnt, hasReturn);

        out.append("{ ");

        for (int j = cnt[0] - 1; j >= 0; j--) {

            out.append("var v" + j).append(" = stack.pop(); ");

        }

        if (hasReturn[0]) {

            out.append("stack.push(");

        }

        final String in = mi.getClassName().getInternalName();

        out.append(in.replace('/', '_'));

        out.append('_');

        out.append(mn);

        out.append('(');

        String sep = "";

        if (!isStatic) {

            out.append("stack.pop()");

            sep = ", ";

        }

        for (int j = 0; j < cnt[0]; j++) {

            out.append(sep);

            out.append("v" + j);

            sep = ", ";

        }

        out.append(")");

        if (hasReturn[0]) {

            out.append(")");

        }

        out.append("; }");

        i += 2;

        addReference(in);

        return i;

    }

    private int invokeVirtualMethod(byte[] byteCodes, int i)

    throws IOException {

        int methodIndex = readIntArg(byteCodes, i);

        CPMethodInfo mi = (CPMethodInfo) jc.getConstantPool().get(methodIndex);

        boolean[] hasReturn = { false };

        int[] cnt = { 0 };

        String mn = findMethodName(mi, cnt, hasReturn);

        out.append("{ ");

        for (int j = cnt[0] - 1; j >= 0; j--) {

            out.append("var v" + j).append(" = stack.pop(); ");

        }

        out.append("var self = stack.pop(); ");

        if (hasReturn[0]) {

            out.append("stack.push(");

        }

        out.append("self.");

        out.append(mn);

        out.append('(');

        out.append("self");

        for (int j = 0; j < cnt[0]; j++) {

            out.append(", ");

            out.append("v" + j);

        }

        out.append(")");

        if (hasReturn[0]) {

            out.append(")");

        }

        out.append("; }");

        i += 2;

        return i;

    }

    private void addReference(String cn) {

        if (references != null) {

            references.add(cn);

        }

    }

    private void outType(final String d, StringBuilder out) {

        if (d.charAt(0) == 'L') {

            assert d.charAt(d.length() - 1) == ';';

            out.append(d.replace('/', '_').substring(0, d.length() - 1));

        } else {

            out.append(d);

        }

    }

}