src/main/javadoc/overview.html
author Jaroslav Tulach <jtulach@netbeans.org>
Wed, 12 Nov 2014 10:48:12 +0100
branchgc
changeset 870 77bff7390451
parent 852 e5723aecdaff
child 892 de02b7c13379
permissions -rw-r--r--
No longer needed model instances can be garbage collected
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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    <head>
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        <title>HTML for Java APIs</title>
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        <meta charset="UTF-8">
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        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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    </head>
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    <body>
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        <p>
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         Use Java to write application logic; Use HTML5 to render the UI; 
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         {@link net.java.html.json.Model Animate an HTML page from Java}
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         (see <a target="_blank" href="http://dew.apidesign.org/dew/#7212206">Duke being rotated</a> by CSS);
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         Use {@link net.java.html.json.OnReceive REST} or
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         <a href="net/java/html/json/doc-files/websockets.html">WebSockets</a>;
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         interact with <a href="net/java/html/js/package-summary.html">JavaScript</a>;
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         Get the best of both worlds!
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         The goal of these APIs is to use full featured Java runtime 
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         (like real <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/HotSpot">HotSpot VM</a>), 
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         but still rely on a very lightweight rendering technology 
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         (so it can potentially fit 
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         <a href="http://bck2brwsr.apidesign.org">Bck2Brwsr</a> and definitely
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         to various types of phones). What can be more lightweight 
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         (from a browser perspective) than 
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         <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/HTML">HTML</a>!?
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         By default we use {@link net.java.html.boot.fx JavaFX's WebView} 
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         component to display the <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/HTML">HTML</a>. 
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         We eliminate the need to manipulate the DOM directly, 
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         there is a special {@link net.java.html.json Java to Knockout.js binding}. 
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         As a result the <a href="http://knockoutjs.com">HTML uses Knockout.js syntax</a>, 
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         yet the application code can be written in Java.
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        </p>
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        <h3>What's New in Version 1.1?</h3>
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        <p>
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            Memory model when using Knockout bindings has been improved
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            (required additions of two new methods:
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.json.spi.PropertyBinding#weak()} and
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.json.spi.FunctionBinding#weak()}) and
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            now the Java {@link net.java.html.json.Model models} can garbage collect,
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            when no longer used.
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        </p>
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        <h3>What's New in Version 1.0?</h3>
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        <p>
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            {@link net.java.html.json.Property#array() Array properties} are now
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            mutable from the <a href="http://knockoutjs.com">knockout.js</a>
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            point of view (required {@link org.netbeans.html.json.spi.Proto.Type#replaceValue one SPI change}).
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            The page lookup mechanism can use {@link net.java.html.boot.BrowserBuilder#locale(java.util.Locale) locale}
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            to load localized a page with appropriate suffix.
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            All SPI were moved under the NetBeans namespace - e.g.
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.boot.spi},
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.context.spi},
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.json.spi},
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.sound.spi}, and also
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.json.tck}. Methods annotated
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            with {@link net.java.html.js.JavaScriptBody} annotation and
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            without fallback Java code now throw {@link java.lang.IllegalStateException}
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            with a message suggesting to switch to proper
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            {@link net.java.html.BrwsrCtx#execute browser context} to
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            prevent endless debugging when one forgets to do so.
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        </p>
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        <h3>What's New in Version 0.9?</h3>
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        <p>
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            System can run in {@link net.java.html.boot.BrowserBuilder#classloader(java.lang.ClassLoader) Felix OSGi container} (originally only Equinox).
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            {@link net.java.html.json.ComputedProperty Derived properties}
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            now deeply check changes in other {@link net.java.html.json.Model model
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            classes} they depend on and recompute their values accordingly.
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            <a target="_blank" href="http://knockoutjs.com">Knockout.js</a> library has been updated
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            to version 3.2.0.
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        </p>
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        <h3>What's New in 0.8.x Versions?</h3>
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        <p>
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            Setters or array properties on classes generated by {@link net.java.html.json.Model}
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            annotation can be accessed from any thread. {@link org.netbeans.html.sound.spi.AudioEnvironment}
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            can be registered into {@link net.java.html.BrwsrCtx}. There is
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            a {@link net.java.html.json.Models#parse(net.java.html.BrwsrCtx, java.lang.Class, java.io.InputStream, java.util.Collection)  method}
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            to parse a JSON array and convert it into 
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            {@link net.java.html.json.Model model classes}.
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            Improved behavior of <code>enum</code> values in 
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            {@link net.java.html.json.Model knockout bindings}.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            Few bugfixes for better portability. 
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            New API for {@link net.java.html.boot.script.Scripts headless execution}
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            on top of <em>Nashorn</em> - does not run <em>knockout for Java</em>
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            fully yet 
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            (reported as <a href="https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046013">JDK-8046013</a>),
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            however even in current state it is quite 
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            {@link net.java.html.boot.script.Scripts useful for testing}
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            of 
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            {@link net.java.html.js Java/JavaScript interactions}.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            {@link net.java.html.boot.fx.FXBrowsers} has been extended
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            with new helper methods to make it easier to use HTML+Java
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            API in existing JavaFX applications.
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            The annotation processor is made
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            more robust with respect to errors in callback syntax of
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            {@link net.java.html.js.JavaScriptBody} body parameter.
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            Javadoc of {@link net.java.html.BrwsrCtx#execute} method
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            has been improved based on a failure of its usability study.
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            There can be additional parameters to methods annotated by
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            {@link net.java.html.json.OnReceive} that allows one to
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            pass state when a JSON call is made and use it when it finishes.
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            The mechanism of discovery of sibling HTML page has been
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            extended to work on systems that don't support
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            {@link java.lang.Class#getProtectionDomain}.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            The first argument of method annotated by
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            {@link net.java.html.json.OnReceive} annotation has to
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            be the associated {@link net.java.html.json.Model model class}.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            {@link net.java.html.json.OnReceive} annotation now accepts
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            {@link java.util.List} of data values as second argument
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            (previously required an array).
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        </p>
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        <h3>What's New in Older Versions?</h3>
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        <p>
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            {@link net.java.html.js.JavaScriptBody} annotation has new attribute
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            {@link net.java.html.js.JavaScriptBody#wait4js()} which allows
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            asynchronous execution. Libraries using
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            {@link net.java.html.js.JavaScriptBody} are urged to use this
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            new attribute as much as possible, as it can speed up execution
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            in certain environments.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            Use {@link net.java.html.BrwsrCtx#execute(java.lang.Runnable)} in
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            multi-threaded environment to execute your code on the browser thread.
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            See example 
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            {@link net.java.html.BrwsrCtx#execute(java.lang.Runnable) using Java timer}.
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        </p>
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        <h3>Interesting Entry Points</h3>
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        <p>Learn how to {@link net.java.html.json.Model animate an HTML page from Java}
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            without referencing single HTML element from the Java code.
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        </p>
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        <p>Use {@link net.java.html.json.OnReceive JSON} to communicate
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            with REST based server API.
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        </p>
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        <p>Use <a href="net/java/html/json/doc-files/websockets.html">WebSockets</a>
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            and JSON.
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        </p>
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        <p>Call JavaScript methods from Java and vice versa, via
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            <a href="net/java/html/js/package-summary.html">JavaScriptBody</a>.
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        </p>
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        <h3>Getting Started</h3>
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        There are <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/DukeScriptInNetBeans">many ways</a> 
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        to start developing 
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        <a href="http://html.java.net">Html for Java</a> application. 
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        However to be sure one chooses the most recent setup, it is recommended
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        to switch to good old command line and use a 
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        <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/Knockout4Java">Maven archetype</a>
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        associated with every version of this project. Make sure at least 
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        <em>JDK7</em> is your installed Java and type:
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        <pre>      
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$ mvn archetype:generate \
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 -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apidesign.html \
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 -DarchetypeArtifactId=knockout4j-archetype \
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 -DarchetypeVersion=0.8 <em># or newer version, if available</em>
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        </pre>
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        Answer few questions (for example choose myfirstbrwsrpage as artifactId) 
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        and then you can:
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        <pre>
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$ cd myfirstbrwsrpage
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$ mvn process-classes exec:java
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        </pre>
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        In a few seconds (or minutes if 
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        <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/Maven">Maven</a>
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        decides to download the whole Internet of dependencies) you should 
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        see a sample Hello World application rendered in a 
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        <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/JavaFX">JavaFX</a>
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        web view component (that of course requires your JDK to come
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        with <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/JavaFX">JavaFX</a>; 
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        <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">JDK7 
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            and JDK8 from Oracle</a> contain everything that is needed). 
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        The generated application is built around one 
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        Java source (uses the {@link net.java.html.json.Model} annotation to
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        auto-generate another <code>Data.java</code> class during compilation)
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        and one HTML file (uses the <a href="http://knockoutjs.com">Knockout</a>
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        syntax to <code>data-bind</code> the HTML elements to the 
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        generated <code>Data</code> model):
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        <pre>
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$ ls src/main/java/**/DataModel.java
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$ ls src/main/webapp/pages/index.html
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        </pre>
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        That is all you need to get started. Play with the sources, 
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        modify them and enjoy
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        <a href="http://html.java.net">Html for Java</a>!
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        <h2>IDE Support</h2>
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        <p>
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            This API is part of <a target="_blank"
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            href="http://netbeans.org">NetBeans.org</a> project and as such
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            it works naturally with the <a target="_blank"
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            href="https://netbeans.org/features/index.html">NetBeans IDE</a>.
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            On the other hand, the API is using nothing NetBeans specific,
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            it builds on standard Java6 APIs and as such it shall work fine
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            in any IDE.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            A lot of work is done by 
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            <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/AnnotationProcessor">
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            annotation processors</a>
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            that generate various boiler plate code during compilation. This
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            is a standard part of Java since JDK6, but for example Eclipse
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            is known not to deal with processors well and developers using
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            it need to be careful. IntelliJ users hasn't reported any issues
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            and of course, NetBeans IDE support for 
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            <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/AnnotationProcessor">processors</a>
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            is outstanding.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            When using {@link net.java.html.js.JavaScriptBody} annotation, it is
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            useful to do a bit of post processing of classes. There is a
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            <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/Maven">Maven</a> 
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            plugin for that.
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            NetBeans IDE will invoke it when doing a build. Other IDEs may 
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            need some hint to do so. 
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            Anyway: If one does not see all (generated) sources or is getting
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            {@link java.lang.LinkageError}s when executing the application, 
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            switch to command line and do clean build
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            from there:
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        </p>
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        <pre>$ mvn clean install</pre>
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        <p>
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            If that succeeds, your IDE of choice will hopefully
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            pick the generated sources up and present the result of the build 
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            properly. If not, 
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            <a href="https://netbeans.org/downloads/">download NetBeans</a>, 
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            you will be pleasantly 
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            surprised - for example with our excellent 
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            <a href="net/java/html/js/package-summary.html#debugging">Java/JavaScript 
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            debugging</a> support.
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        </p>
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        <a name="deploy">
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        <h2>Deploy Your Application</h2>
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        </a>
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        <p>
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        It is not goal of this documentation to list all possible ways
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        to package and deploy applications which use this API. However it is 
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        important for new comers to see the benefits of using the
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        <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a> API and as such
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        let's list at least few bundling options, known to work at the time of writing 
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        this documentation.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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        First of all, this is a <em>client technology</em>. You write client applications
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        with it which may, but need not connect to a server. You don't need
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        Tomcat or WebLogic to deploy 
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        <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a> applications.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            <img src='resources/javafx_logo.jpg' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="left"/>
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            The sample project generated by
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            <code>org.apidesign.html knockout4j-archetype</code> is configured
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            to use <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/JavaFX">JavaFX</a>
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            as the rendering technology. This setup is primarily suitable for 
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            development - it needs no special packaging, starts quickly and
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            allows you to use classical HotSpot VM debuggers. A final 
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            artifact from the build is also a ZIP file which you can use
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            and distribute to your users. Good for desktop applications.
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            <img src='resources/netbeans_logo.jpg' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="right"/>
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            <img src='resources/eclipse_logo.png' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="right"/>
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            All the <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a> libraries
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            are packaged as <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/OSGi">OSGi</a>
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            bundles and as such they can easily be run in NetBeans as well as
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            in Eclipse. As a result one can use 
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            <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/OSGi">OSGi</a>
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            and have a common module system for both platforms. In addition to that 
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            one can render using
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            HTML and have a common UI in both platforms. In such case
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            your application would be packaged as a set of
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            <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/OSGi">OSGi</a> bundles.
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            Read 
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            <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/HTML">more</a>...
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            <img src='resources/chrome_logo.png' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="left"/>
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            <img src='resources/safari_logo.png' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="left"/>
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            <img src='resources/ie_logo.png' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="left"/>
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            <img src='resources/firefox_logo.png' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="left"/>
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            There is more and more attempts to execute Java bytecode
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            in a browser, without any special Java plugin installed.
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            The <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a> is
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            carefully designed to produce lightweight, well performing
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            applications even on such restricted environments. It uses
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            no reflection calls and that allows to statically pre-compile
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            the applications into JavaScript. One of such environments
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            is called <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/Bck2Brwsr">Bck2Brwsr</a>, 
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            another <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/TeaVM">TeaVM</a>. Both support the
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            {@link net.java.html.js.JavaScriptBody} annotation. Read 
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            <a href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/Bck2BrwsrViaCLI">more</a> or play
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            a minesweeper game packaged for your browser 
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            (of course <a target="_blank"
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                href="http://source.apidesign.org/hg/html~demo/file/ea79b73d590a/minesweeper/src/main/java/org/apidesign/demo/minesweeper/MinesModel.java">
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                written</a> in Java):
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        </p>
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        <script type="text/html" id="field">
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            <table class="field">
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                <tbody>
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                    <!-- ko foreach: rows -->
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                    <tr>
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                        <!-- ko foreach: columns -->
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                        <td data-bind="css: style, click: $parents[1].click" >
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                            <div data-bind='html: html'></div>
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                        </td>
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                        <!-- /ko -->
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                    </tr>
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                    <!-- /ko -->
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                </tbody>
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            </table>
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        </script>
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        <div data-bind="template: { name : 'field', if: fieldShowing }"></div>
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        <!-- boot bck2brwsr -->
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        <script type="text/javascript" src="resources/teavm.js"></script>
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        <script>
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            var vm = new VM();
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            vm.loadClass('org.apidesign.demo.minesweeper.MainBrwsr');
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        </script>
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        <p>
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            <img src='resources/ios_logo.jpg' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="right"/>
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            <img src='resources/android_logo.jpg' width="64"
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                 height="64" align="right"/>
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            Now when we have seen that the 
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            <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a> applications 
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            can run on any modern browser, we can ask whether they can also
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            fit into a phone!? Yes, they can and especially to phones 
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            that can execute Java code already! Just by changing your
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            packaging you can create an APK file and deploy it to your
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            Android phone. 
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            Read <a target="_blank" href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/DlvkBrwsr">more</a>...
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            In case you'd like your application to reach out to second biggest
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            group of smartphone users, don't despair: It 
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            seems the set of devices that can execute
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            <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a> applications 
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            has been extended to <em>iPads</em> and <em>iPhones</em>. Get the 
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            <a target="_blank" href="http://wiki.apidesign.org/wiki/IBrwsr">details here</a>
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            and deploy everywhere!
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        </p>
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        <p>
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            Convinced it makes sense to use 
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            <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a>
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            APIs for writing applications that are 
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            <em>written once, displayed anywhere</em>? Or do you have an
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            environment which is not supported? In such case you can bring
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            <a href="http://html.java.net">HTML for Java</a>
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            to your environment yourself. Just implement your own
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            {@link org.netbeans.html.boot.spi.Fn.Presenter}!
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        </p>
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        <h2>Other Resources</h2>
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   441
        
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        <img src="net/java/html/json/doc-files/DukeHTML.png" width="256" height="184" alt="Duke and HTML5. Together at last!" align="right"/>
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        The javadoc for latest and previous versions is also available
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        online:
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        <ul>
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            <li>Current <a target="_blank" href="http://bits.netbeans.org/html+java/dev/">development</a> version
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   448
            <li>Version <a target="_blank" href="http://bits.netbeans.org/html+java/0.8.3">0.8.3</a>
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   449
            <li>Version <a target="_blank" href="http://bits.netbeans.org/html+java/0.8.2">0.8.2</a>
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   450
            <li>Version <a target="_blank" href="http://bits.netbeans.org/html+java/0.8.1">0.8.1</a>
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            <li>Version <a target="_blank" href="http://bits.netbeans.org/html+java/0.8">0.8</a>
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            <li>Version <a target="_blank" href="http://bits.netbeans.org/html+java/0.7.5">0.7.5</a>
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        </ul>
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<style type="text/css">
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table.field td {
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    padding: 4px;
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    width: 18px;
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    height: 18px;
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    font-size: 1.5em;
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    border: 1px solid black;
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}
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table.field td.UNKNOWN {
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    background-color: #D6E4E1;
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    cursor: pointer;
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}
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table.field td.EXPLOSION {
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    background-color: #A31E39;
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}
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table.field td.DISCOVERED {
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    background-color: #9DB2B1;
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}
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</style>        
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    </body>
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</html>